Faculty Publications
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Item Role of Genomics in Smart Era and Its Application in COVID-19(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Kumar, S.; Bhowmik, B.Genomics is a rapidly developing field that aims to understand the whole inherited traits of an organism, including its structure, function, and evolution. The purpose of genomics is to gain a detailed understanding of the biological basis for human disease, to explore the genetic variation of several species and humans, and also to enhance rural livelihoods and farming practices. The motivation to completely comprehend the complex biological processes that regulate life on earth and to put this knowledge to enhance people’s lives, improve food security, and safeguard the environment has driven the growth of genomics technologies. The discovery of the genetic roots of human diseases and other complex traits is one of the main goals of genomics, which may lead to the development of treatments and medications. Researchers can find similar genetic pathways and mechanisms to develop drugs and medicines for a broad range of diseases by comparing the genomes of many species. With the introduction of new technologies and advancements in deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, genomics has evolved into a powerful tool for solving life’s riddles and transforming the lives of people from all over the world. By comparing the genomes of DNA sequencing disorders, researchers can uncover the genes responsible for desirable characteristics such as improved genetics, disease resistance, and better efficiency. This information is essential to develop populations of organisms better adaptable to evolving biological conditions. This chapter provides an overview of genomics, including its background, key attributes, and various types and application areas. The numerous challenges in genomics are also addressed in this chapter, including dealing with large genomes, sequencing and retrieving genetic data, comprehending the features of potential pathogens, and analyzing pathogen sequence trends. The chapter also addresses recent advances in genomics, such as its involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic and the most sophisticated techniques used in the discipline. The development of artificial intelligence in genomics and its usage in COVID-19 research are also discussed in this chapter. Moreover, this chapter provides a comprehensive insight into the evolution, present condition, and future potential of genomics research. Overall, the purpose of the chapter is to understand the problems and accomplishments in genomics and how it may assist healthcare systems. © 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC.Item Quantum learning and its related applications for the future(IGI Global, 2023) Bhowmik, B.; Manjunath, T.D.Recent advances in high-performance computing have been rapid. On the contrary, experts also know that the Moore's Law prediction of the number of transistors on microchips that would double every 18 months is almost saturated. This calls for new techniques to enhance computational power. Quantum computing is a possible solution that uses quantum mechanical phenomena and employs quantum algorithms to improve performance (accuracy, speed). The emerging technology has many interesting potential applications, including quantum machine learning, quantum computational chemistry, post quantum cryptography, etc. The complexity of applications is ever-increasing. Quantum computing amalgamates various classical machine and reinforcement learning in multiple ways to address different challenges of many complex applications. The state-of-the-art reviews on existing works in the domain show that new learning methods can enhance the achieved performance by quantum computing. The chapter thus provides an overview of quantum learning, its applications, research challenges, and future trends. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Item Industry 4.0: Design Principles, Challenges, and Applications(wiley, 2024) Girish, K.K.; Kumar, S.; Bhowmik, B.The era of the industrial revolution witnessed the widespread adoption of machines and new manufacturing processes, which led to increased productivity and economic growth around the globe. Subsequently, the progressive shift from the previous industrial revolutions toward “Industry 4.0,” also called the Fourth Industrial Revolution, represents a significant milestone in human history. The emergence of Industry 4.0 lays the groundwork for a profound social and technological breakthrough that has the potential to transform the global landscape substantially. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the incorporation of digital technologies, including the cyber-physical system (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and big data into the manufacturing sector. The aim of Industry 4.0 is to develop a manufacturing sector that is more productive, adaptable, and linked with the aid of digital technologies. Increasing global competition, evolving customer demands, cost reduction, technological advancements, sustainability, and shortage of skilled labor are significant factors driving the motivation behind Industry 4.0. By automating procedures, cutting down on downtime, and improving efficiency, digital technology integration is transforming traditional manufacturing operations into smart factories. Smart factories are characterized by interconnected machines, equipment, and systems that communicate with each other and humans in real time. This connectivity enables manufacturers to monitor and control their operations more effectively, make better-informed decisions, and optimize their processes to achieve maximum efficiency and profitability. This chapter provides details of Industry 4.0, including its current trends, design principles, and applications. The chapter describes the basics of Industry 4.0, its emergence, and critical technologies. Further, the chapter details Industry 4.0 architecture, design principles, and associated challenges, including technical challenges, workforce upskilling, integration with legacy systems, and ethical concerns. Thus, this chapter provides a comprehensive insight into recent developments in the domain, the paradigm shifts toward Industry 5.0, and various prospects. The chapter elucidates salient problems, interests, and issues around these broad themes. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Item Big Data Analytics for Industry 5.0(wiley, 2025) Hegde, A.; Bhowmik, B.The steam engine's power, the assembly line's efficiency, and the computer's processing speed: these disruptive new technologies were the driving forces behind the first three industrial revolutions. The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, is propelled by intelligent technologies. Industry 5.0, the fifth industrial revolution, fosters collaboration between humans and robots, thereby enhancing Industry 4.0 technologies. It is anticipated that this will generate employment that is more valuable, thereby allowing individuals to engage in more creative and design-oriented activities. It is possible for factories to remain competitive and adjust to the changing requirements of their customers by implementing this change. With the implementation of suitable investments, Industry 5.0 has the potential to foster economic growth and establish a more sustainable, collaborative future for both humans and machines. Finance, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing are among the sectors that have already experienced this transformation. Industries 5.0 has been rendered feasible by technologies including blockchain, cloud computing, Big Data Analytics (BDA), Internet of Things (IoT), and 6G networks. The administration of substantial quantities of data is facilitated by BDA, in particular. To optimize the utilization of human resources and minimize waste and inefficiency, sophisticated big data management and analysis systems implement artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the enhanced customization, precision, and productivity of Industry 5.0, which is a component of the IoT, are ensured by the increased use of intelligent devices and sensors. This chapter outlines the current trends, design principles, and applications of Industry 5.0. This chapter outlines the fundamentals of Industry 5.0, its emergence, and the significance of BDA as a technology. Furthermore, this chapter outlines the architecture, design principles, and opportunities that are linked to Industry 5.0, including optimization of human efficiency, personalized services, enhanced automation, and higher-value employment. In this chapter, Industry 5.0 faces a variety of obstacles, such as a scarcity of qualified workers, a time-consuming process, a substantial budget requirement, and security and privacy concerns. Furthermore, this chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the most recent developments in the field, the paradigm shift toward Industry 5.0, and a diverse array of prospective futures. This chapter outlines the primary challenges, interests, and problems of Industry 5.0 in relation to BDA. © 2025 by John Wiley & Sons Inc. All rights reserved.Item Locating open-channels in octagon networks on chip-microprocessors(IEEE Computer Society help@computer.org, 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Biswas, S.; Deka, J.K.; Bhattacharya, B.B.Networks-on-chip (NoCs) provide the essential communication infrastructure for building today's on-chip multiprocessors. Albeit mesh is commonly used as the underlying interconnection architecture, other regular topologies such as octagons or spidergons, find recent applications to hybrid, small-world, and smart networks. Aggressive technology scaling, however, makes NoCs susceptible to manufacturing defects and causes failures in their operations. This paper presents a distributed, on-line built-in-self-test (BIST) mechanism that targets open faults on communication channels in an octagon NoC. We introduce a novel test scheduling scheme that exploits the knowledge of multithreading for reducing the overall test time with minimal degradation of performance. We evaluate the proposed test scheme for a 16-bit octagon NoC and report experimental results. © 2020 IEEE.Item Improving Reliability in Spidergon Network on Chip-Microprocessors(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Deka, J.K.; Biswas, S.Aggressive technology scaling continues to make networks-on-chip (NoCs) vulnerable to failures that relentlessly result in reliability concerns and unexpected system performance degradation. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an effective test methodology that does not only improve the NoC's reliability but also prevent the system from being trapped into system-level failure modes. This paper presents a low-cost test scheme that addresses stuck-at faults in the communication channels of a Spidergon NoC. A built-in-self-test (BIST) method is presented to quickly detect the faults and reduce the affected application packets. The present test method is combined with a scheduling technique that together minimizes the test cost metrics, e.g., reduces 81.25% test time making the current test solution to become at least 5× faster. Furthermore, the solution shows less influence on system performance. © 2020 IEEE.Item Test Methodology for Analysis of Coexistent Logic-Level Faults in NoC Channels(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Biswas, S.; Deka, J.K.With the continuous growth in wire density, the reliability has become a dominant burden while channels of a modern NoC are exposed to various faults. A key requirement for the NoC is therefore to propose a mechanism that can account for a channel fault since it significantly impacts NoC performance. This paper presents a distributed test strategy that detects and diagnoses logic-level faults coexist in NoC channels and deeply analyze the severe impact of these faults on network performance. Fault coexistence in channels makes a fraction undetectable and is addressed here. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. © 2020 IEEE.Item Reliability Monitoring in a Smart NoC Component(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Deka, J.K.; Biswas, S.SMART NoC topology components, such as octagon, spidergon are progressively becoming the primary design choice for implementing the communication backbone in a multi-core SoC platform for lowering a high number of inter-router hops required by long-range traffic. However, aggressive technology scaling has increased the number of transient/permanent faults raising the reliability concerns in a SMART NoC. This paper presents a reliability monitoring scheme for addressing channel-short faults in the basic octagon NoC. Along with the online detection and diagnosis of short faults, an effective scheduling scheme is proposed to provide a low-cost test solution that outperforms over a set of prior schemes. © 2020 IEEE.Item Selective Fault-Masking for Improving Yield and Performance of On-Chip Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Bhowmik, B.; Deka, J.K.; Biswas, S.Nowadays, the reliability in network-on-chip (NoC) has become a crucial issue that leads to network performance degradation. Built-in-self-test (BIST) is one of the primary test schemes often used to achieve high reliability. The scheme allows a frequent test of and recovery from faults experienced on an NoC's fundamental component, e.g., communication channels. This paper presents a BIST approach that detects open and short faults in communication media to demonstrate the fault-masking phenomenon. The phenomenon as the self-repairing mode of the communication media improves the yield and performance of the NoCs. Rigorous simulations are made on an 8×8 mesh NoC with faulty and repaired channels. Results reveal that allowing faults in communication tracks degrades the network performance up to 30% while the self-repairing mode improves nearly 75%. © 2021 IEEE.Item Topology Exploration for Long-Distance Communication(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Gagan, N.; Bhowmik, B.With the increase in the network size, the conventional network-on-chip (NoC) imposes high latency due to the lack of shorter paths between far nodes resulting in performance degradation. This paper proposes an alternative approach that improves performance for long-distance communication in a mesh NoC. The proposed method explores a new topology named 'pseudo-3D mesh' in which a few new nodes are added in the upper layer of a 2D mesh NoC. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides acceptably high performance at the cost of little hardware over-head. © 2021 IEEE.