Role of Genomics in Smart Era and Its Application in COVID-19

Abstract

Genomics is a rapidly developing field that aims to understand the whole inherited traits of an organism, including its structure, function, and evolution. The purpose of genomics is to gain a detailed understanding of the biological basis for human disease, to explore the genetic variation of several species and humans, and also to enhance rural livelihoods and farming practices. The motivation to completely comprehend the complex biological processes that regulate life on earth and to put this knowledge to enhance people’s lives, improve food security, and safeguard the environment has driven the growth of genomics technologies. The discovery of the genetic roots of human diseases and other complex traits is one of the main goals of genomics, which may lead to the development of treatments and medications. Researchers can find similar genetic pathways and mechanisms to develop drugs and medicines for a broad range of diseases by comparing the genomes of many species. With the introduction of new technologies and advancements in deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, genomics has evolved into a powerful tool for solving life’s riddles and transforming the lives of people from all over the world. By comparing the genomes of DNA sequencing disorders, researchers can uncover the genes responsible for desirable characteristics such as improved genetics, disease resistance, and better efficiency. This information is essential to develop populations of organisms better adaptable to evolving biological conditions. This chapter provides an overview of genomics, including its background, key attributes, and various types and application areas. The numerous challenges in genomics are also addressed in this chapter, including dealing with large genomes, sequencing and retrieving genetic data, comprehending the features of potential pathogens, and analyzing pathogen sequence trends. The chapter also addresses recent advances in genomics, such as its involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic and the most sophisticated techniques used in the discipline. The development of artificial intelligence in genomics and its usage in COVID-19 research are also discussed in this chapter. Moreover, this chapter provides a comprehensive insight into the evolution, present condition, and future potential of genomics research. Overall, the purpose of the chapter is to understand the problems and accomplishments in genomics and how it may assist healthcare systems. © 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC.