Journal Articles
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Item Potential of Chitosan and its derivatives for controlled drug release applications – A review(Editions de Sante editions.de.sante@wanadoo.fr, 2019) Safdar, R.; Omar, A.A.; Arunagiri, A.; Iyyaswami, R.; Murugesan, M.Recent research on the drug delivery systems exhibited tremendous improvements for several short life drugs which disappear in few minutes in harsh conditions of the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT). After years of investigations, the current drug delivery system has been improved with new advanced materials with less toxicity and better therapeutic efficiency. In this regard, new formulations consisting of drugs encapsulated with natural biodegradable copolymer, Chitosan, in the form of nanoparticles have been studied, which in turn improved the release profile of drugs. In this review, the Chitosan and its physiochemical properties, nanoparticles and their drug release mechanism and effects of modification of various drugs (anti–cancer, anti–inflammatory, anti–diabetes, anti–infectious drugs etc) with Chitosan and co–materials on their release profiles are briefly reviewed. These biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles improved the in vitro release profile of drugs and provided a way forward for further improvement of the current and conventional drug delivery systems. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.Item A review on adsorptive removal of oil pollutants (BTEX) from wastewater using carbon nanotubes(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Anjum, H.; Johari, K.; Francisco Nirmala, N.; Ganesapillai, M.; Arunagiri, A.; Iyyaswami, R.; Murugesan, M.A progressive economic growth and proliferating global population caused adequate provision of clean water as a global issue. The systematic eradication of toxic pollutants from the environment has become a predominant matter from a biological and environmental perspective. Thus, adsorptive removal of hazardous components from wastewater is one of the most captivating strategies for purification technologies. Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been reported to be very promising in the adsorption of various stable organic compounds due to their unique properties essential for further surface modification. In order to get the maximum removal of these pollutants, it is mandatory to understand the interaction mechanisms between the sorbent and sorbate. This review summarizes the recent literature on the adsorptive removal of BTEX from wastewater using CNTs. The impact of various factors (sorption sites of CNTs, physical properties of nanotubes, properties of background solution, and surface chemistry of CNTs) on the adsorption of BTEX over CNTs and the plausible interaction mechanisms such as hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, dispersive/repulsive interactions, π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding are critically reviewed. The present review has sorted out numerous prevailing gaps in the available information whilst recognizing a number of encouraging avenues and approaches for the upcoming research thrust. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.Item Use of antioxidants for enhancing oxidative stability of bulk edible oils: a review(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021) Mishra, S.K.; Belur, P.D.; Iyyaswami, R.Edible oils industry is using synthetic and natural antioxidants to enhance the oxidative stability of bulk edible oils. Due to safety concerns of BHA, BHT and TBHQ, there is an ongoing effort to find an effective and safe replacement. Finding a safe antioxidant or its synergistic mixture, which delays, retard or prevent the oxidation of bulk oil without changing the colour or flavour upon addition is a challenge. In this review, a brief account of chemical basis of oxidative deterioration of the stored oil is given. The effectiveness of most widely experimented antioxidants such as tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and its derivatives, lignan compounds, flavonoids, polyphenols and phenolic acids in various edible oils have been reviewed. Further, the synergistic and antagonistic combination of these antioxidants in controlling oxidative degradation of edible oils has been discussed. © 2020 Institute of Food, Science and Technology (IFSTTF)Item Recovery and Partial Purification of Bovine ?-Lactalbumin from Whey Using PEG 1000 – Trisdoium Citrate Systems(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Sivakumar, K.; Iyyaswami, R.The extraction of ?-Lactalbumin (?-La) and ?-Lactoglobulin (?-Lg) from whey have been carried out in the Aqueous Two Phase System (ATPS) composed of PEG 1000 – tri sodium citrate. The suitable conditions for the simultaneous partitioning of ?-La into the top phase and ?-Lg in bottom phases was identified using the pure ?-La and ?-Lg. Maximum partition coefficient (k) of 16.67 was achieved for ?-La at the system condition of 28% (w/w) PEG 1000-14% (w/w) tri sodium citrate at pH 8 and 40°C, whereas in this condition k of ?-Lg is 0.27. 30% (w/w) whey loaded to this system yielded the maximum recovery of ?-La and ?-Lg. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Synergistic extraction of ?-Lactalbumin and ?-Lactoglobulin from acid whey using aqueous biphasic system: Process evaluation and optimization(Elsevier, 2015) Kalaivani, S.; Iyyaswami, R.The present investigation focused on the simultaneous partitioning of ?-Lactalbumin (?-La) to the PEG rich phase and ?-Lactoglobulin (?-Lg) to the salt rich bottom phase from acid whey using polyethylene glycol 1000-trisodium citrate systems. The effect of Tie Line Length (TLL), pH, volume ratio and whey concentration on the proteins partitioning was evaluated. Further the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the synergistic and interactive effect of these variables (TLL, pH and whey loading) on the responses (recovery and purity of ?-La and ?-Lg). Optimum values of these variables were obtained for different goals through desirability based multi response optimization. A system of 54.12% (w/w) TLL with 30.6% (w/w) whey at pH 7.23 separates ?-La with 89% recovery and purity of 96% in the top phase, whereas that of ?-Lg in the bottom phase was 96% and 76% respectively. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.Item Purification of Glutaminase from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in Polyethylene Glycol– Sodium Sulphate Aqueous Two-Phase System(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Bolar, S.; Iyyaswami, R.; Belur, P.D.L-glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) produced from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii NRRL-Y 2547 was partitioned in an aqueous two phase system comprising PEG 2000 and sodium sulphate. The effects of tie line length (TLL), pH, broth loading (BL), volume ratio, and neutral salt concentration on enzyme partitioning and purification were investigated. The optimal condition for the partitioning of glutaminase was obtained through response surface methodology and obtained the partition coefficient and yield of 12.99 and 95.12%, respectively. The purification factor of 5.59 and selectivity of 6.52 were achieved at the optimal condition. © © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Aqueous two phase partitioning of fish proteins: partitioning studies and ATPS evaluation(Springer India sanjiv.goswami@springer.co.in, 2015) Nagaraja, V.H.; Iyyaswami, R.A suitable Aqueous Two Phase System (ATPS) has been identified for the partitioning of crude fish proteins from fish processing industrial effluent. A detailed study has been performed to analyze the influence of various parameters on protein partitioning such as molecular weight of PEG, effect of different salts (MgSO4, K2HPO4, Na3C6H5O7, Na2SO4, (NH4) 2PO4, K3C6H5O7) and their concentrations, pH, temperature, Tie Line Length (TLL), effluent loading and volume ratio. PEG 2000 - sodium sulphate ATPS was found to be a most favourable system among the selected ATPS for higher partition coefficient of proteins. The binodal curve and equilibrium characteristics of PEG 2000 - sodium sulphate were established and fitted to empirical equations. The equilibrium compositions (tie line) were correlated using Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft equations. © 2014, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).Item A new strategy to refine crude Indian sardine oil(Japan Oil Chemists Society yukagaku@jocs-office.or.jp, 2017) Charanyaa, S.; Belur, B.D.; Iyyaswami, R.Current work aims to develop a refining process for removing phospholipids, free fatty acids (FFA), and metal ions without affecting n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) esters present in the crude Indian sardine oil. Sardine oil was subjected to degumming with various acids (orthophosphoric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid), conventional and membrane assisted deacidification using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol) and bleaching with bleaching agents (GAC, activated earth and bentonite) and all the process parameters were further optimized. Degumming with 5%(w/w) ortho phosphoric acid, two stage solvent extraction with methanol at 1:1 (w/w) in each stage and bleaching with 3% (w/w) activated charcoal loading, at 80ºC for 10 minutes resulted in the reduction of phospholipid content to 5.66 ppm from 612.66 ppm, FFA to 0.56% from 5.64% with the complete removal of iron and mercury. Under these conditions, the obtained bleached oil showed an enhancement of n-3 PUFA from 16.39% (11.19 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 5.20 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) to 17.91% (11.81 EPA + 6.1 DHA). Replacing conventional solvent extraction with membrane deacidification using microporous, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFE), resulted in a lesser solvent residue (0.25% (w/w)) in the deacidified oil. In view of lack of reports on refining of n-3 PUFA rich marine oils without concomitant loss of n-3 PUFA, this report is significant. © 2017 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society.Item Anionic surfactant based reverse micellar extraction of l-asparaginase synthesized by Azotobacter vinelandii(Springer Verlag, 2017) Murugesan, S.; Iyyaswami, R.; Kumar, S.V.; Surendran, A.Abstract: l-Asparaginase synthesized by Azotobacter vinelandii via submerged fermentation in the presence of sucrose was successfully extracted using Reverse micellar extraction. Single step enzyme purification process was developed by varying the process variables which resulted in maximum specificity and extraction of l-asparaginase. The effect of different variables, including broth pH, addition of alcohol during the forward extraction and pH of the fresh stripping aqueous phase, addition of alcohol and electrolyte during backward extraction process were studied. Lower concentration of butanol resulted in maximum activity of the enzyme during forward extraction while enzyme activity was found to increase further with the addition of higher concentrations of ammonium sulphate during backward extraction. Chromatographic analysis of l-asparaginase peak at ~7.65 min was intense for the back extracted sample confirming the maximum purity of l-asparaginase obtained. Purity of l-asparaginase was increased to about 379.68 fold. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item Nonionic surfactants induced cloud point extraction of Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Cupriavidus necator(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2017) Murugesan, S.; Iyyaswami, R.Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesized by Cupriavidus necator DSM 428 was purified from the crude fermentation broth as such by performing nonionic surfactants (Triton X100, Triton X114 & Tergitol 6) induced cloud point extraction. Polyhydroxyalkanoate was extracted into the micelle-rich bottom phase (coacervate phase), while most of the cellular impurities partitioned into the aqueous phase. Cloud point temperatures and the extraction efficiency of different cloud point systems were studied at different pH value and in the presence of additives. Maximum extraction of biopolymer was achieved (recovery of 84.4%) with a purity of 92.49% at 3 pH with the addition of 0.1 M ammonium chloride in the mixed surfactant system at a reduced cloud point temperature of 33°C. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.