Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Preserving Semantic Relations for Zero-Shot Learning(IEEE Computer Society help@computer.org, 2018) Annadani, Y.; Biswas, S.Zero-shot learning has gained popularity due to its potential to scale recognition models without requiring additional training data. This is usually achieved by associating categories with their semantic information like attributes. However, we believe that the potential offered by this paradigm is not yet fully exploited. In this work, we propose to utilize the structure of the space spanned by the attributes using a set of relations. We devise objective functions to preserve these relations in the embedding space, thereby inducing semanticity to the embedding space. Through extensive experimental evaluation on five benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that inducing semanticity to the embedding space is beneficial for zero-shot learning. The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on the standard zero-shot setting as well as the more realistic generalized zero-shot setting. We also demonstrate how the proposed approach can be useful for making approximate semantic inferences about an image belonging to a category for which attribute information is not available. © 2018 IEEE.Item Locating open-channels in octagon networks on chip-microprocessors(IEEE Computer Society help@computer.org, 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Biswas, S.; Deka, J.K.; Bhattacharya, B.B.Networks-on-chip (NoCs) provide the essential communication infrastructure for building today's on-chip multiprocessors. Albeit mesh is commonly used as the underlying interconnection architecture, other regular topologies such as octagons or spidergons, find recent applications to hybrid, small-world, and smart networks. Aggressive technology scaling, however, makes NoCs susceptible to manufacturing defects and causes failures in their operations. This paper presents a distributed, on-line built-in-self-test (BIST) mechanism that targets open faults on communication channels in an octagon NoC. We introduce a novel test scheduling scheme that exploits the knowledge of multithreading for reducing the overall test time with minimal degradation of performance. We evaluate the proposed test scheme for a 16-bit octagon NoC and report experimental results. © 2020 IEEE.Item Improving Reliability in Spidergon Network on Chip-Microprocessors(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Deka, J.K.; Biswas, S.Aggressive technology scaling continues to make networks-on-chip (NoCs) vulnerable to failures that relentlessly result in reliability concerns and unexpected system performance degradation. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an effective test methodology that does not only improve the NoC's reliability but also prevent the system from being trapped into system-level failure modes. This paper presents a low-cost test scheme that addresses stuck-at faults in the communication channels of a Spidergon NoC. A built-in-self-test (BIST) method is presented to quickly detect the faults and reduce the affected application packets. The present test method is combined with a scheduling technique that together minimizes the test cost metrics, e.g., reduces 81.25% test time making the current test solution to become at least 5× faster. Furthermore, the solution shows less influence on system performance. © 2020 IEEE.Item Test Methodology for Analysis of Coexistent Logic-Level Faults in NoC Channels(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Biswas, S.; Deka, J.K.With the continuous growth in wire density, the reliability has become a dominant burden while channels of a modern NoC are exposed to various faults. A key requirement for the NoC is therefore to propose a mechanism that can account for a channel fault since it significantly impacts NoC performance. This paper presents a distributed test strategy that detects and diagnoses logic-level faults coexist in NoC channels and deeply analyze the severe impact of these faults on network performance. Fault coexistence in channels makes a fraction undetectable and is addressed here. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. © 2020 IEEE.Item Reliability Monitoring in a Smart NoC Component(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Bhowmik, B.; Deka, J.K.; Biswas, S.SMART NoC topology components, such as octagon, spidergon are progressively becoming the primary design choice for implementing the communication backbone in a multi-core SoC platform for lowering a high number of inter-router hops required by long-range traffic. However, aggressive technology scaling has increased the number of transient/permanent faults raising the reliability concerns in a SMART NoC. This paper presents a reliability monitoring scheme for addressing channel-short faults in the basic octagon NoC. Along with the online detection and diagnosis of short faults, an effective scheduling scheme is proposed to provide a low-cost test solution that outperforms over a set of prior schemes. © 2020 IEEE.Item Selective Fault-Masking for Improving Yield and Performance of On-Chip Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Bhowmik, B.; Deka, J.K.; Biswas, S.Nowadays, the reliability in network-on-chip (NoC) has become a crucial issue that leads to network performance degradation. Built-in-self-test (BIST) is one of the primary test schemes often used to achieve high reliability. The scheme allows a frequent test of and recovery from faults experienced on an NoC's fundamental component, e.g., communication channels. This paper presents a BIST approach that detects open and short faults in communication media to demonstrate the fault-masking phenomenon. The phenomenon as the self-repairing mode of the communication media improves the yield and performance of the NoCs. Rigorous simulations are made on an 8×8 mesh NoC with faulty and repaired channels. Results reveal that allowing faults in communication tracks degrades the network performance up to 30% while the self-repairing mode improves nearly 75%. © 2021 IEEE.Item Influence of fiber surface treatments on physico-mechanical behaviour of jute/epoxy composites impregnated with aluminium oxide filler(SAGE Publications Ltd info@sagepub.co.uk, 2017) Swain, P.T.R.; Biswas, S.The present paper discovers the effect of ceramic filler inclusion on physico-mechanical and water absorption behaviour of untreated and chemically treated (alkali and benzoyl chloride treated) bi-directional jute natural-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. In practice, the major drawbacks of using natural fibers are their high degree of moisture absorption and poor dimensional stability. Currently, chemical treatments are able to induce fiber modifications that increase their resistance when utilized in composite products. Jute fibers were subjected to various chemical modifications to improve the interfacial bonding with the matrix. In this study, an analysis has been carried out to make pre-treated jute fiber (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) and different filler content (5 and 10 wt.%) with epoxy-based composites. A comparative study of all the untreated jute/aluminium oxide based hybrid composites with chemically treated jute/aluminium oxide based hybrid composites was carried out. The investigational result reveals that chemically treated composites considerably improved the mechanical properties of the composite. The maximum water absorption resistance and strength properties were found with benzoyl chloride-treated fiber-reinforced composite. Lastly, the surface morphology of fractured surfaces after tensile and flexural testing is studied using scanning electron microscope. © 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.Item Stimuli-responsive and cellular targeted nanoplatforms for multimodal therapy of skin cancer(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Padya, B.S.; Pandey, A.; Pisay, M.; Koteshwara, K.B.; Raghu Chandrashekar, R.; Bhat, K.U.; Biswas, S.; Mutalik, S.Interdisciplinary applications of nanopharmaceutical sciences have tremendous potential for enhancing pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. The limitations of conventional therapeutic platforms used for skin cancer therapy have been largely overcome by the use of nanoplatforms. This review discusses various nanotechnological approaches experimented for the treatment of skin cancer. The review describes various polymeric, lipidic and inorganic nanoplatforms for efficient therapy of skin cancer. The stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms such as pH-responsive as well as temperature-responsive platforms have also been reviewed. Different strategies for potentiating the nanoparticles application for cancer therapy such as surface engineering, conjugation with drugs, stimulus-responsive and multimodal effect have also been discussed and compared with the available conventional treatments. Although, nanopharmaceuticals face challenges such as toxicity, cost and scale-up, efforts put-in to improve these drawbacks with continuous research would deliver exciting and promising results in coming days. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Item Performance characteristics of the particulates scrubbing in a counter-current spray-column(2008) Mohan, B.R.; Biswas, S.; Meikap, B.C.Spray scrubbers are being widely used for off gas cleaning in chemical process industries due to its various advantages like low-pressure drop and simplicity. A pilot plant counter-current spray-column wet scrubber has been conceived, designed and fabricated. Experimental investigations were conducted to quantify the performances of a counter-current spray-column for scrubbing the particulates from the gaseous waste stream. Performance characteristics of the air-blast atomizing spray-column have been evaluated on the basis of the fly-ash (particulates) collection efficiencies within the stability range of the column. A maximum efficiency of 94.23% is achieved for gas and liquid flow rate of 5.084 × 10-3 Nm3/s and 33.34 × 10-6 m3/s, respectively. Results further show that Inlet solid loading effects positively in increasing the collection efficiency. Experimental results were further analyzed in terms of various pertinent variables of the system and a simplified correlation has been proposed. The predicted values agreed well with the experimental data obtained. A maximum difference of 17-18% was found towards higher liquid rates, rest showing a very minimum percentage of error and standard deviations between the experimental and the predicted values. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Hydrodynamics characterization of a counter-current spray column for particulate scrubbing from flue gases(2008) Biswas, S.; Rajmohan, B.; Meikap, B.C.Growing environmental concern and tightening of the regulations for particulate emission from various sources force us to think of an alternative technology for their control, which is cost effective and of high performance. A spray column using a wet process to control the particulates offers design simplicity, and has various other advantages over other conventional equipment used in industry. This work presents the hydrodynamic study of the spray column for the removal of particulates from gaseous wastes. Experiments were carried out to quantify pressure drop (?P), for varied gas and liquid rates ranging from 3.084 × 10-3 to 5.584 × 10-3 Nm3/s and 8.35 × 10-6 to 33.34 × 10 -6 m3/s, respectively with QL/QG ratio ranging from 1.59 to 10.81 m3 per 1000 ACM (actual cubic meter). The maximum pressure drop incurred in the column is 327 N/m3, which is at a gas rate of 5.584 × 10-3 Nm3/s, liquid rate of 33.34 × 10-6 m3/s, and an inlet solid loading range of 0-2.5 kg/m3. This is quite low compared to other wet process-based equipment, thus making it a low power loss scrubber. These results have further demonstrated the impact of solid dust (particulates) on the pressuredrop-hydrodynamics. A correlation was put forward for prediction of the overall pressure drop in the column. The experimental values agreed well with the predicted values, with minimum percentage error and standard deviation. © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.