Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Phase change materials in buildings: Fundamentals, applications, and future perspectives(IGI Global, 2024) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Adak, D.This chapter thoroughly explores Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and their applications in buildings. It begins by introducing the background, context, and objectives before delving into PCM fundamentals, covering types, phase change mechanisms, and key properties. Beyond theory, the chapter explores practical applications in thermal regulation, energy effciency, HVAC systems, thermal energy storage, passive building design, heat recovery, and PCM integration. Discussion includes various PCM types-organic, inorganic, eutectic mixtures, and bio-based-alongside selection criteria for building applications. Methods to enhance PCM performance, such as nano-enhancements, microencapsulation, and hybrid solutions, are explored. The chapter addresses integration and design considerations and concludes with insights into future directions, trends, and implications for sustainable building practices. © 2025, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Item Artificial Intelligence in Damage Detection of Concrete Structures: Techniques, Integration and Future Directions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.The chapter thoroughly explores the pivotal role played by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the identification of damages in concrete structures. It delves into conventional methods, their limitations, and how AI can effectively complement these approaches. The basics of AI, encompassing machine learning and deep learning, are elucidated within the specific context of damage detection. Additionally, the chapter examines data acquisition and pre-processing techniques tailored for AI models. It sheds light on AI-driven damage detection methodologies, such as the utilization of convolutional neural networks for image analysis, vibration analysis, and AI-enhanced non-destructive testing methods, highlighting their precision in identifying structural issues. Moreover, the chapter investigates the integration of AI into structural health monitoring systems, providing in-depth discussions on data fusion and real-time monitoring. Emphasis is placed on the significance of performance assessment and model validation to ensure the reliability of AI algorithms. The chapter also addresses future trends, including the integration of AI with the Internet of Things (IoT), and delves into ethical considerations in the sphere of infrastructure development. In summary, the chapter underscores AI's transformative potential in revolutionizing damage detection and structural health assessment, contributing to the creation of more resilient and sustainable concrete structures. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Effects of chemical admixtures on the properties of concrete(Elsevier, 2025) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Adak, D.This chapter thoroughly explores the effects of chemical admixtures on cement properties, ultimately enhancing concrete performance. It begins with a foundational overview of cement and its integral relationship with concrete, emphasizing the pivotal role of chemical admixtures. The chapter categorizes these additives based on function, unveiling their primary contributions to cement compositions. This framework sets the stage for a detailed examination of their influence on critical cement properties such as setting time, workability, strength development, durability, permeability, heat of hydration, and alkali-aggregate reactivity. The distinctive roles of specific admixtures like water reducers, retarders, accelerators, and more are elucidated in enhancing cement performance for diverse applications. Precision in admixture usage is underscored through emphasis on dosage optimization, compatibility testing, and rigorous quality control measures, ensuring effective integration and superior cement performance. To conclude, the chapter synthesizes essential insights, summarizing key discoveries, discussing implications, and suggesting valuable research directions. It offers a succinct yet comprehensive understanding of chemical admixtures in cement and their pivotal role in molding concrete attributes. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Processing techniques of recycled aggregates(Elsevier, 2025) Trivedi, S.S.; Das, B.B.; Barbhuiya, S.Three essential components of every modern-day growth are preservation of natural aggregate resources, green construction, and the safeguarding of the environment. One such endeavor is the incorporation of recycled aggregate (RA) in concrete. Because of the issues with its strength and durability, the use of RA is typically limited to inferior load constructions. With appropriate management and effective processing methods, the application can be expanded to high-strength concrete. In the present manuscript, the current C&D waste management practices adopted by various nations are highlighted alongside different in-action legislations are thoroughly reviewed for developing an understanding about the basic elements involved in the debris management. In addition, some of the latest and novel recycling approaches are investigated such as autogenous cleaning method, air and hydraulic jigging technologies, and advanced dry recovery system. To investigate the nature of RA processed from aforementioned technologies, the inherent properties of aggregates such as specific gravity, water absorption, density, and abrasion values alongside microstructure performance through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are comprehensively reviewed and presented. Based on the extensive investigation, it is recognized that effective C&D waste management can be accomplished using certain techniques such as circular procurement and green construction. Furthermore, there is a requirement for specified processing methods that enhances the physio-chemical properties. Also, the surface morphology can be improved using combined crushing and ball milling approaches. Overall, it is recommended to implement vertical shaft crushing and ball milling for the development of fine RA whereas for the coarse RA fractions, multistage jaw crushing and advanced dry recovery (ADR) system are some of the finest processing approaches. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Key Variables Influencing the Performance of 3D Printed Concrete: A Comprehensive Analysis(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Adak, D.This chapter examines key variables influencing 3D printed concrete performance, focusing on material, process, environmental, and geometric factors essential for achieving optimal strength and durability. It begins with an overview of 3D printed concrete, performance metrics, and the scope of the study. The chapter then delves into material composition, discussing how cement type, aggregate characteristics, additives, and water-cement ratios affect mix consistency, workability, and structural integrity. Process parameters, such as layer height, print speed, and extrusion rate, are analysed for their impact on layer adhesion and structural stability. Environmental factors—including temperature, humidity, and curing—are examined, highlighting their influence on setting time and strength. Geometric and structural considerations, like wall thickness and layer bonding, reveal the effects of design complexity on stability. The chapter concludes by synthesizing these findings, offering insights into optimizing 3D printed concrete performance through coordinated control of materials, process, and environmental conditions. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item A comprehensive review on the use of hemp in concrete(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.A simple mixture of hemp hurd, water, and lime is used to make hemp concrete. It is indeed one of the few materials that can continue to absorb carbon after being employed in construction, storing more carbon in the atmosphere over the building's lifetime than was emitted during construction. Furthermore, hemp can be harvested in as little as 60 days. Hemp concrete is a “carbon-negative” or “better-than-zero-carbon” substance because the hemp plant absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it emits during its production and application on site. It is a bio-composite material that can be utilised as an alternative to concrete and standard insulation in building. Hemp concrete is also recyclable at the end of the building's lifespan. This study summarises the fast-developing body of knowledge about hemp concrete, which was recently developed. © 2022 Elsevier LtdItem A comprehensive review towards sustainable approaches on the processing and treatment of construction and demolition waste(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Trivedi, S.; Snehal, K.; Das, B.B.; Barbhuiya, S.A massive boom in global construction has led to an enormous generation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. C&D waste is the largest stream of waste, which needs to be treated and utilized efficiently for achieving sustainable goals. Multiple economical and valuable materials are embedded in C&D waste, most of these can be reused as construction materials. Ideally, these wastes are processed or treated near the demolition sites to ensure a constant supply of raw materials such as recycled aggregates for its use in the construction of roads, buildings, and urban landscapes. Several challenges are posed in the processing and treatment of C&D waste as a result of variable material properties as well as its bulky nature. From this point of view, this article presents a structured, comprehensive review of the existing literature on various tools and techniques for procuring recycled aggregates (RA) from C&D leftovers. The latest processing technologies, and subsequent treatment processes for recycled aggregates to make it suitable for further use in concrete is discussed and critically analyzed. Also, diverse approaches for treating the RA are evaluated critically with prime focus on removal of adhered mortar fractions and surface coating techniques. In addition, the modified mixing approach and its implementation in mix design for RA based concrete is emphasized. This article also covers the studies on recycled aggregate concrete at microstructural level, which include characterization techniques such as SEM-EDAX, XRD, FTIR and TGA. Emphasis is also given to embrace the deficiencies associated with RA concrete and improvement techniques for its inclusion in construction works. On the basis of the extensive review, it is understood that subjected to processing of the C&D debris, it yields useful recycled aggregates that can be incorporated into concrete up to an optimum percentage between 15 and 20%. Further, there is a requirement for specified pre-treatment methods that enhances the physio-chemical properties. Also, there is a necessity for the assimilation of mineral admixtures of micron, sub-micron to nano size for overcoming the shortcomings of recycled aggregates for the production of sustainable and high-performance concrete. © 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Molecular dynamics simulation in concrete research: A systematic review of techniques, models and future directions(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of molecular dynamics simulation in concrete research. The study addresses the background and significance of the topic, providing an overview of the principles, applications, and types of molecular dynamics simulation, with a particular focus on its role in enhancing the understanding of concrete properties. Moreover, it critically examines existing research studies that employ molecular dynamics simulation in concrete research, highlighting the associated benefits and limitations. The paper further investigates various simulation techniques and models employed in concrete research, offering a comparative analysis of their effectiveness. Additionally, the study explores future directions and identifies research needs in the field of molecular dynamics simulation in concrete, while also discussing the potential impact of this approach on the sustainability of the construction industry. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in leveraging molecular dynamics simulation for advancing concrete science and engineering. © 2023 The Author(s)Item A review of multi-scale modelling of concrete deterioration: Fundamentals, techniques and perspectives(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Barbhuiya, S.; Jivkov, A.; Das, B.B.The properties of concrete are degraded during service by coupled physical and chemical processes that operate at several length scales, and the prediction of its performance in engineering structures requires multi-physics, multi-scale modelling approaches. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current modelling techniques for analysis of concrete deterioration. The paper covers the fundamentals of modelling at several length scales, as well as the bridging/transition between scales, and the numerical methods based on continuum and discrete formulations appropriate to different scales. Considered are the key chemical and physical deterioration processes of carbonation, chloride ingress, freeze–thaw damage, and abrasion. The paper also reviews the validation and verification of multi-scale models and discusses future trends such as data science integration and sustainable concrete design. It is expected that the information presented here will be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field, highlighting advancements and stimulating future research in multi-scale modelling of concrete deterioration. © 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Properties, compatibility, environmental benefits and future directions of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete: A review(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Barbhuiya, S.; Nepal, J.; Das, B.B.This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the production, properties and applications of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3). The paper begins with an introduction to LC3 and its importance in reducing carbon emissions in the cement industry. It then discusses the raw materials used in the production of LC3 and the properties of the material, including its hydration process and thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis. The properties of LC3 concrete, including fresh, mechanical and durability properties, are also examined. The compatibility of chemical admixtures with LC3 is explored, followed by a discussion on the environmental benefits of using LC3. The paper then assesses the economic feasibility and social acceptance of LC3 in the construction industry, along with its potential impact on local communities. Case studies are provided on LC3 concrete projects. The review concludes with a discussion of future directions and research needs, including recommendations for further innovation in production and scaling up LC3 production. The findings of this review paper suggest that LC3 has significant potential for reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry while providing an economically viable and sustainable alternative to traditional cement materials. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd