Toxic-free surface level sulphur doped 1D Ti-Ox-Sy nanorods for superstrate heterojunction CZTS thin-film solar cells
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Surface level sulphur (S) doped TiO<inf>2</inf> nanorods (S-TNRs) were fabricated via toxic-free novel three-step processes such as low-temperature hydrothermal method followed by thermal evaporation (S layer) and post-annealing (350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C) techniques. Present work focuses on the comprehensive studies of surface level doping, structure, morphology and compositional properties of different temperature annealed S-TNRs for CZTS thin-film (Au/CZTS/S-TNRs/TNRs/FTO) solar cells. The oxidation states of incorporated S atoms in the TiO<inf>2</inf> matrix were identified from X-ray photoelector spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. A reduction in bandgap for 350 °C annealed S-TNRs film was observed from UV-Vis spectroscopy. The electrical characteristics showed the fabricated solar cells strongly depend on the S-TNRs annealing temperature. Proposed technique would be useful in effective and controlled (surface level) doping of S atoms into any desired nanostructured metal oxides for optoelectronic applications and, further useful in fabricating cadmium (Cd) free buffer layer in chalcogenide solar cells. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Description
Keywords
Annealing, Buffer layers, Heterojunctions, Morphology, Nanorods, Oxide minerals, Semiconductor doping, Sulfur, Temperature, Thermal evaporation, Thin films, Titanium dioxide, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Annealing temperatures, Chalcogenide solar cells, Compositional properties, Electrical characteristic, Low-temperature hydrothermal methods, Nanostructured metals, Optoelectronic applications, UV-vis spectroscopy, Thin film solar cells
Citation
Materials Research Bulletin, 2021, 133, , pp. -