Selective chromogenic nanomolar level sensing of arsenite anions in food samples using dual binding site probes
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
In the present study, two chromogenic probes, N7R2 and N7R3, each containing two binding sites, were designed and synthesized for the selective detection of arsenite in DMSO/H<inf>2</inf>O (1:1, v/v). The probes exhibited stability across a pH range spanning from 5 to 12. The lower detection limits of 2.01 ppb (18.86 nM) for N7R2 and 1.79 ppb (16.75 nM) for N7R3, which are much lower than the WHO recommended permissible limit of arsenite, confirmed the superior efficiency of the probes in detecting arsenite. The detection mechanism for arsenite was proposed through UV and 1H NMR titrations, electrochemical studies, and DFT calculations. Practical applications were demonstrated through the fabrication of test strips and molecular logic gates. The probes efficiently recognized arsenite in real water, honey, milk samples, and fruit/vegetable juices. Both N7R2 and N7R3 exhibited excellent recovery rates in the analysis of food samples, demonstrating the probes' usefulness in real sample analysis. © 2024
Description
Keywords
Binding sites, Titration, Arsenite, Binding-sites, Chromogenic probes, Colorimetric sensors, DFT, Food samples, Intra-molecular charge transfer, Intramolecular charge transfers, Level sensing, Nanomolar levels, Fruit juices, anion, arsenic acid, arsenic trioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, fluorescent dye, n7r2, n7r3, river water, sea water, tap water, unclassified drug, absorption spectroscopy, apple juice, Article, association constant, binding competition, binding site, colorimetry, complex formation, cucumber, cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory, deprotonation, dipole, electrochemical analysis, electron transport, electrophilicity, food, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fruit and vegetable juice, honey, hydration, hydrogen bond, ionization, limit of detection, maximum permissible dose, milk, pH, platinum electrode, potato, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, titrimetry, tomato juice, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, water content, water sampling, animal, chemistry, food contamination, Animals, Anions, Arsenites, Binding Sites, Food Contamination, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Honey, Limit of Detection, Milk
Citation
Food Chemistry, 2025, 463, , pp. -