Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM<inf>10</inf>) enhances severity of influenza virus infection through skewing innate immunity via modulation of metabolic pathways-related genes.; Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM<inf>10</inf> (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 ?m) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) – H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM<inf>10</inf> prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM<inf>10</inf> enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd; © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Description
Keywords
Air quality, Biological organs, Cell culture, Diseases, Health risks, Immune system, Metabolism, Modulation, RNA, Viruses, Aerodynamic diameters, Epidemiological studies, Highly pathogenic avian influenzas, Inflammatory disorders, Innate immune response, Lung epithelial cells, Molecular mechanism, Respiratory illness, Particles (particulate matter), air quality, atmospheric pollution, cell, epidemiology, immune response, infectious disease, innate behavior, metabolism, particulate matter, pathogen, risk factor, viral disease, aerodynamic diameter, air pollution, Article, avian influenza (H5N1), controlled study, energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy, human, human cell, Influenza A virus (H5N1), innate immunity, limit of quantitation, lung injury, morbidity, nonhuman, particle size, physical parameters, prevalence, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respiratory tract disease, scanning electron microscopy, transcriptomics, virus load, virus replication, virus strain, World Health Organization, air pollutant, animal, RNA virus infection, Orthomyxoviridae, RNA viruses, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Particulate Matter, RNA Virus Infections
Citation
Environmental Pollution, 2020, 266, , pp. -