Faculty Publications

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    Photobioreactors for wastewater treatment: Recent advances
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Lavanya, A.; Raval, K.; Raval, R.
    Sustainability of any waste treatment process depends on how a waste, particularly wastewater, is handled. Wastewater treatment is greatly important for the welfare of the environment and of the Earth in general. An integrative approach involving CO2 sequestration, effluent treatment and biomass generation presents a tremendous potential as the overall process in wastewater treatment and is more sustainable compared with conventional treatment. Research on the use of photobioreactors (PBRs) in wastewater treatment has gained momentum in the past decade. The use of photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, in wastewater treatment offers advantages, such as low energy requirement, biomass production and CO2sequestration. A large amount of inorganic species present in wastewater promotes the growth of various photosynthetic microorganisms. Removal of high concentrations of inorganic compounds is the major requisite in any wastewater treatment process. Some photosynthetic organisms, especially microalgae, play an important role in a treatment process that involves reduction of nitrates, phosphates and sulfates. Literature suggests that the use of PBRs in wastewater treatment considerably reduces the cost of microalgal cultivation and consequently controls water pollution, conserves freshwater resources and produces useful chemicals and biomass. This chapter focuses on research advances in wastewater treatment using PBRs. Different types of wastewater handled, mixed culture systems (e.g., algal.bacterial system employed in wastewater treatment), types of PBRs used, and bottlenecks that must be addressed to scale-up the wastewater treatment process are discussed. © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Studies on fresh and hardened properties of sugarcane bagasse ash blended self-compacting concrete mixes
    (Springer, 2019) Manjunath, R.; Rahul, M.
    Several industrial by-products are used as alternative supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) is one industrial by-product which is mainly composed of amorphous silica and hence can be used as a pozzolanic admixture in concrete. In the present study, an attempt has been made to produce self-compacting concrete mixes, using sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a cementitious admixture. The study investigates the fresh properties of such as slump flow, V-funnel and L-box of these self-compacting concrete mixes along with their hardened properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and water absorption values. SCBA-based SCC mixes were produced with varying cement content in the range of 450–500 kg/m3 (increment of 25 kg/m3), along with different levels of replacements of cement with SCBA (in the range of 10–40%). A constant w/b ratio of 0.45 was adopted in all the varied mixes. Results indicate satisfactory rheological properties for the mixes (slump flow greater than 650 mm), with their water absorption values in the range of (3–4.5%). © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
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    Strength Behavior of Rammed Earth Stabilized with Metakaolin
    (Springer, 2020) Thiviya, S.K.; Krishnan, A.G.; Kalathuru, M.; Sharma, A.K.; Kolathayar, S.
    Rammed earth is an ancient construction technique practiced in India and in other parts of the world. The ancient traditional technique was of the un-stabilized method but incorporating suitable stabilizing materials will improve the strength of rammed earth construction. The main objective of the present study is to assess the behavior of the rammed earth with metakaolin. The suitability of the soil was tested based on sieve analysis and followed by mini compaction tests; optimum moisture content for the rammed earth construction for the selected soil was fixed for different proportions of binders with the soil. From the compaction results, the binder content was fixed for stabilization of rammed earth. The unconfined compressive strength of the sample was found for the samples at 7, 14, 28 days of curing, and microstructural studies of the samples were performed. The compression strength of rammed earth cubes was tested and also the durability of the cubes was determined by the spray erosion test. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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    Use of Microalgae for the Development of Carbon Neutral Bio-CNG Process
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Datta, P.; Bej, S.; Madav, M.; Raval, K.
    The comprehensive chapter focuses on the upgradation techniques and conversion of the biogas generated from the huge amount of biowaste, to methane-enriched bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG). The sustainable bio-fixation of the extracted CO2 by employing various algal strains for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) along with the culture conditions has been discussed. The comparative analyses highlight that the integrated biorefinery approach does not involve harmful chemicals, high energy utilization and high operating expenses. The post-treatment and consumption of biogas-separated CO2 by algae make the process carbon neutral. The potential algal strains, their CO2 utilization capacity, and subsequent formation of high algal biomass along with several significant value-added products such as biofuels, biochemicals and biofertilizers in different types of photobioreactors and other process parameters, are also elaborated. The emerging role of efficient algal species in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the climate change issue has been illustrated for making it an eco-friendly strategy. The systematic valorization of algal biomass contributes to promising resource regeneration and promotes a circular economy in the sector of bioenergy industries to sustainably fulfill the global energy demand. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
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    Fundamentals of multifunctional nanostructured coatings with recent updates
    (Elsevier, 2025) Poddar, M.K.; Soman, V.
    This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of nanocoatings and their diverse applications. Nanocoatings are characterized by their nanoscale dimensions, typically ranging between 1 and 100nm and high-surface-to-volume ratios. They showcase remarkable properties such as protection against corrosion, wear, microbial action, and UV radiation and provide superior optical, electrical, and surface properties. Compared to the conventional coatings, the synthesis of nanocoating involves very little use of volatile organic compounds. Nanocoating is fabricated using synthesis techniques like chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and Particle Vapor Deposition, etc. This chapter also discusses different types of nanocoatings reported in scientific literature, each with many applications. Ceramic-based nanocoatings, which are oxide-based ceramics like alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), and titania (TiO2), etc, are highlighted for their remarkable hardness and suitability for wear and corrosion-prone applications. Also, the applicability of polymer and metal matrix-based nanocoatings in packaging, automotive, thermal protection, and solar energy harnessing is emphasized; these nanocoatings find extensive potential in industries such as aerospace, transportation, and manufacturing, where superior mechanical properties and wear resistance are inevitable. To bring nanocoatings to a large scale in the future, it is essential to adapt cost-effective strategies and evaluate the adhesion between substrate and coating. Mathematic models may be developed to simulate various properties. Nature-inspired models could efficiently design nanocoatings, such as the lotus leaf effect. We also address some of the environmental challenges associated with nanocoating and emphasize the importance of considering factors like size, capping agent, and shape to mitigate such challenges. Nanocoatings offer great potential in enhancing material performance, protecting surfaces, and addressing industry challenges. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved.
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    Processing techniques of recycled aggregates
    (Elsevier, 2025) Trivedi, S.S.; Das, B.B.; Barbhuiya, S.
    Three essential components of every modern-day growth are preservation of natural aggregate resources, green construction, and the safeguarding of the environment. One such endeavor is the incorporation of recycled aggregate (RA) in concrete. Because of the issues with its strength and durability, the use of RA is typically limited to inferior load constructions. With appropriate management and effective processing methods, the application can be expanded to high-strength concrete. In the present manuscript, the current C&D waste management practices adopted by various nations are highlighted alongside different in-action legislations are thoroughly reviewed for developing an understanding about the basic elements involved in the debris management. In addition, some of the latest and novel recycling approaches are investigated such as autogenous cleaning method, air and hydraulic jigging technologies, and advanced dry recovery system. To investigate the nature of RA processed from aforementioned technologies, the inherent properties of aggregates such as specific gravity, water absorption, density, and abrasion values alongside microstructure performance through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are comprehensively reviewed and presented. Based on the extensive investigation, it is recognized that effective C&D waste management can be accomplished using certain techniques such as circular procurement and green construction. Furthermore, there is a requirement for specified processing methods that enhances the physio-chemical properties. Also, the surface morphology can be improved using combined crushing and ball milling approaches. Overall, it is recommended to implement vertical shaft crushing and ball milling for the development of fine RA whereas for the coarse RA fractions, multistage jaw crushing and advanced dry recovery (ADR) system are some of the finest processing approaches. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    5-(Halomethyl)furfurals
    (Elsevier, 2025) Dutta, S.
    5-(Halomethyl)furfurals, derived from biomass-derived carbohydrates, act as renewable platform chemicals for the sustainable synthesis of industrially important organic chemicals. The historical background, physicochemical properties, production routes, reactivity patterns, and derivative chemistry of 5-(halomethyl)furfurals developed over the past century can assist in better comprehending their pivotal roles in the carbohydrate-centric biorefinery for the sustainability of the chemical industry and circular carbon economy. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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    Domestic water use efficiency and circular economy
    (Elsevier, 2025) Nikhil, S.; Sridevi, S.; Rao, C.S.; Gudapati, G.
    Water is essential for economic growth because it interacts with the manufacturing, agricultural, and energy segments. Sustainable practices in household water management involve preserving water resources and mitigating the environmental effects of water extraction, treatment, and disposal. One can minimize wastewater and encourage resource efficiency by optimizing water use inside households through technology, practices, and policies to reduce water consumption, such as gray water systems, low-flow fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and water recycling systems. In addition to improving the condition of agronomic soils, reusing treated wastewater for irrigation may reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is in line with the circular economy's tenets, which include reducing waste, recycling materials, mitigating economic uncertainty, and optimizing resource use throughout the lifespan of a product. Implementing circular water management techniques at home promotes resource stewardship and builds a more resilient and sustainable water system. This chapter explains how the framework may improve resilience and reduce emissions while making sustainability more financially and ecologically viable. Encouraging water-saving practices among families is essential for increasing water usage efficiency, in addition to technical solutions. The adoption of the suggested efficiency indices to improve urban water conservation tactics for the majority of water consumption. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Wetting behaviour of a Green cutting fluid (GCF); influence of surface roughness and surface energy of AA5052, Ti6Al4V and EN31
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Edachery, V.; Ravi, S.; Badiuddin, A.F.; Tomy, A.; Kailas, S.V.; Suvin, P.S.
    Green Cutting fluids (GCFs) are biodegradable and eco-friendly alternatives that can be employed in metalworking processes. They facilitate better tool service life and surface quality by removing the heat built, reducing coefficients of friction at tool-chip, and tool-work interfaces, flushing away the chip and preventing the formation of Built-up edges (BUEs). Conventionally, mineral oil (MO) based CFs are used, which can cause serious health hazards in humans as well as negatively impact the environment. Sustainable Green-cutting fluids (GCF) were found to be the solution for reducing the issues raised by the MO-based cutting fluids. The GCF used in the present study was synthesized using coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera) as the base, which is a clean, bio-degradable and eco-friendly substitute for petroleum-based mineral oils. This work is focused on experimentally determining the effectiveness of green cutting fluids on surfaces of (Aluminium)AA5052, (Titanium alloy)Ti6AL4V and Steel(EN31) with various surface topographies. In order to do so, the wetting properties were measured by a stable contact angle θ between the solid–liquid surface and the vapour-liquid interface. Wettability responses from the roughened surfaces in the range of 0.06–2.1 µm was evaluated using a profilometer and contact angle goniometer. Results show that the wetting characteristics of GCF are comparable to that of the MO-based CFs and can be a viable alternative, thus reducing the adverse effects on the environment. In conclusion, this study shows the potential of GCFas an alternative to MO-based cutting fluids used in machining operations in the manufacturing industries. © 2022
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    A Sustainable Green Supplier Selection Using CRITIC Method
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Vadivel, S.M.; Shetty, D.S.; Sequeira, A.H.; Nagaraj, E.; Sakthivel, V.
    A supplier selection is a MCDM problem in nature as it deals with different criteria or attributes to find it out best one. It is a strategic decision approach for the ABC manufacturing company located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and Southern India. Currently, they are having five alternative suppliers by supplying raw materials in different sources. Management techniques will helpful in finding out importance of most weightage criteria to analyze the suppliers for their long term relationship and partnership. A CRITIC (Criteria Importance through Inter criteria Correlation) method, a MCDM technique will be helpful to identify this problem. We have considered here 6 attributes such as financial perspective, customer perspective, process perspective, Innovation and learning perspective, environmental perspective and social perspective. The purchasing manager interviewed and surveyed to identify the most importance criteria taken into consideration for selecting their supplier to their ABC firms. The CRITIC method used here to find out best weightage by considering quantitative as well as qualitative data for their firms. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.