Faculty Publications
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Item Industrial estate planning for Mangalore Taluk in Karnataka, using remote sensing and GIS(2006) Navalgund, L.; Shreedhara, V.; Srinikethan, G.The present work presents a technique to prepare zoning atlas to classify the environment and risks involved in siting an industry. Based on risks involved in a classified zone, the best-suited industries are recommended. Mangalore city has been taken as the study area has for the present work. Sensitivity of study area has been checked in terms of air pollution, surface water pollution and groundwater pollution. The study relies upon the database procured for this purpose from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Karnataka State Remote Sensing Technology, Bang lore. The database mainly comprises of topographic maps, thematic maps and groundwater information. Buffering and over-laying of the thematic maps have been carried out as per the guidelines of CPCB. © Enviromedia Printed in India. All rights reserved.Item Air quality assessment of Dhanbad District, India - A case study(2010) Anantharamu, A.; Singh, G.; Venkat Reddy, D.Ambient air pollution status in Dhanbad district is studied and presented in this article. The selection of Dhanbad is made considering its importance and the nature of activities taking place around the district. For the assessment of ambient air quality in Dhanbad, the following five locations were chosen: Main Gate of Indian School of Mines(ISM), Dhanbad: It is a site representing purely commercial activities and road traffic. Bankmore: It is one of the busiest marketing centres of the district and is surrounded by residential areas. All the vehicles going to Bokaro pass by this place and thus the traffic density is pretty high. Kusunda: It is a place 10.9 kilometres from Dhanbad Railway Station. It is just beside one of the coal mines, hence, all vehicles going to the mine passes through this place. Steel Gate: It consists of a small market. Trucks and other heavy vehicle are more frequent during night as this road connects to a highway. ISM Admin Block: It can be considered as a sensitive area since it is a very calm place where the usage of vehicles is minimum throughout the day. Monitoring of ambient air quality is done following the standard procedure prescribed in IS: 5182. In addition, the concentration of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese and iron metals in SPM is also monitored. The ambient air quality assessment was done in the month of June, 2009. The concentration of SPM was higher than the permissible limit in three locations namely ISM Main Gate, Bankmore and Steel Gate, while it was less than the permissible limit in other two locations, ISM Admin Block and Kusunda. Since the generation of SPM was mainly due to vehicular traffic it was expected to cross the limit in the above mentioned three locations as density of vehicular movement is very high. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.Item An economic analysis of environmental pollution and health - a case study of Bellary-Hospet sector(2012) Thimmaiah, S.A.; Ravi, D.R.; Rao, Y.V.; Murthy, C.S.N.The Earth's natural ecosystem is the basis for our life-supporting system and provides marketable goods to human and other living organisms. The natural environment has always been exploited to fulfill human needs. The green revolution and industrial revolution has caused serious threat to sustainable development for both developed and developing countries. The degradation of air, water and land has directly affected the livelihood and human health. The environmental damage increases, as the economic activity increases, in view of the fact that the association between economy and the environment are multiple, complex and important. Mining is one such activity, which significantly results in the degradation of the environment, apart from generating huge economy to the country. Hence, the identification and quantification of socio economic impact of environmental pollution caused due to increased mining activity is necessary in the broader economic analysis. The present study is envisaged with the objective to identify and evaluate the impacts of mining activity on Social, Economical and Environmental Aspects of the area and to measure its economic burden on the affected people. The ambient air quality in the selected stations of study area reveals that, the increase in iron ore production has significantly resulted in the deterioration of air quality. High particulate matter to an extent of 310 ?g/nm3 in case of SPM concentration and 160 ?g/nm3 in case of RSPM. The health data collected from the respondents have revealed, significantly more number of respondents who are suffering from dust allergy, skin allergy in the study area, where there are mines and are working as workers in those mines, contributing for higher health cost incurred through treatment. © 2012 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.Item Source apportionment of lead and cadmium by chemical characterization of PM2.5(Enviro Media rktem@pn3.vsnl.net.in, 2016) Srinikethan, G.; Ayare, A.Particulate matter below 2.5 micron (PM2.5) and its existence in atmosphere is observed in most of major cities in India and abroad. Health impacts of such pollutant on human being leading asthma and chronic bronchitis in India in last decade. Pune city in Maharashtra state of India is rapidly emerging as mega city in India due to its urbanization and modernization. Particulate matter and trace elements in it are causing severe effects on people of Pune. In present study, trace elements like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in PM2.5 at Pune city in Maharashtra, India were measured with the help of PM2.5 sampler and chemical characterization of Pb and Cd was done to determine the concentrations in the ambient air. The source apportionment of Pb and Cd was done by applying US EPA positive matrix factorization model to identify the sources and quantitative distribution of these elements at receptor location of Katraj in Pune city. The main objective was to identify and determine health impacts of Pb and Cd as well as PM2.5. The results of the study shall help urban planners, air quality planners and people of medicine to initiate urban air pollution management in Pune city.Item Source apportionment studies on particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in ambient air of urban Mangalore, India(Academic Press, 2018) Kalaiarasan, G.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.; Sethunath, N.A.; Manoharan, S.Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) samples were collected from six sites in urban Mangalore and the mass concentrations for PM10 and PM2.5 were measured using gravimetric technique. The measurements were found to exceed the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) limits, with the highest concentration of 231.5 ?g/m3 for PM10 particles at Town hall and 120.3 ?g/m3 for PM2.5 particles at KMC Attavar. The elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICPOES) revealed twelve different elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr and Zn) for PM10 particles and nine different elements (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn) for PM2.5 particles. Similarly, ionic composition of these samples measured by ion chromatography (IC) divulged nine different ions (F?, Cl?, NO3 ?, PO4 3?, SO4 2?, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) for PM10 particles and ten different ions (F?, Cl?, NO3 ?, PO4 3?, SO4 2?, Na+, NH4 +, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) for PM2.5 particles. The source apportionment study of PM10 and PM2.5 for urban Mangalore in accordance with these six sample sites using chemical mass balance model (CMBv8.2) revealed nine and twelve predominant contributors for both PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The highest contributor of PM10 was found to be paved road dust followed by diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions. Correspondingly, PM2.5 was found to be contributed mainly from two-wheeler vehicle emissions followed by four-wheeler and heavy vehicle emissions (diesel vehicles). The current study depicts that the PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air of Mangalore region has 70% of its contribution from vehicular emissions (both exhaust and non-exhaust). © 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Mishra, R.; Krishnamoorthy, P.; Gangamma, S.; Raut, A.A.; Kumar, H.Particulate matter (PM10) enhances severity of influenza virus infection through skewing innate immunity via modulation of metabolic pathways-related genes.; Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 ?m) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) – H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM10 prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM10 enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd; © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Chemical characterization and source apportionment of ambient PM10 in Hubli-Dharwad region, Karnataka, India(World Research Association, 2021) Navalgund, N.; Keshava, J.; Krishna, K.; Srinikethan, S.; Sampagaon, N.; Manoj, K.; Aishwaraya, S.In India, particulate matter (PM10) shows very strong persistence and very high levels in most of the tier-II cities along with metropolitan cities and other cities of the world. The present work was to study air pollution (PM10) in Hubli-Dharwad, a tier-II city of Karnataka, India. The mean mass concentration for PM10 varied from 260-410 ppm, substantially higher than guidelines of CPCB. Seasonal variations of these pollutants indicated that higher concentrations of pollutants were observed in summer than in winter seasons with air quality index (AQI) as 211 in summer. The source apportionment study using positive matrix factorization (PMF5) indicated the presence of heavy metals in the atmosphere. Out of 4 identified factors, motor vehicles contributed vastly (38.8%), dust (16.4%), industrial emission (19.8%) and biomass burning (25.0%). This study has found that the source apportionment has distinct regional and seasonal characteristics. Such studies are essential for the Government to make region specific control strategies for particulate pollution in India. © 2021 World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item Assimilative capacity approach for air pollution control in automotive engines through magnetic field-assisted combustion of hydrocarbons(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Oommen, L.P.; Gottekere Narayanappa, K.G.Deterioration of air quality through the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels has been one of the global transboundary problems put before the research community since last five decades. According to the updated statistics, 79% of energy needs in India are met by fossil fuel combustion which results in the emission of toxic pollutants like carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and unburned hydrocarbons. Air quality has seriously been affected in many parts of India, and statistically, 13 out of 15 most polluted cities in the world lie in India. Magnetic field-assisted combustion has been proven as a reliable technology in internal combustion engines for enhancing the combustion of fuels and reduction of harmful emissions that are the byproducts of incomplete combustion of fuels. In the present work, the magnetic field-assisted combustion of a liquid-phase and a gas-phase fuel (gasoline and LPG) has been studied in a multicylinder automobile engine replicating on road driving conditions in a laboratory focusing on the levels of emissions in comparison with normal combustion of both the fuels. The experimental study concludes that the applied magnetic field positively influences combustion, resulting in reduced level of emission of toxic components irrespective of the phase of hydrocarbon fuels. It is also observed that the percentage reduction in emissions increases with increase in intensity of magnetization. The maximum reduction obtained for CO and UBHC emissions through this technique is 20.58% and 14.47%, respectively. The effectiveness of MFAC in countering air pollution from vehicular exhaust is also studied with respect to fuel phase and mode of operation. The effectiveness of MFAC is observed to be more in high-speed operation of the engine and decreases in the order CO > UBHC > NO. The obtained emission results have a cumulative significance as 45% of total air pollution in India is caused by combustion of hydrocarbons in automotive engines. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.Item Investigation of Dust Emission in Limestone Mines and its Statistical Prediction using Supervised Machine Learning (Regression) Modelling(World Researchers Associations, 2025) Rajib, P.; Harsha, V.; Shanmugam, S.B.; Harish, H.; Amrites, S.In India, the fugitive dust emissions in the processing plant and mining area of limestone mines are very high. The dust emission of (particulate matter) PM10 and PM2.5 forms an unsafe working environment for workers in processing plant areas and mining areas. The excessive emission of PM10 and PM2.5 will cause lung-related diseases to the workers and the people existing in the adjacent areas of the mine. The dust emission majorly causes air pollution to occur due to the distribution of particulate matter in the work area. This study majorly investigates the dust emission levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in the limestone mine of Kadapa, Andra Prasad, India. The investigation on the dust emission of PM10 and PM2.5 was carried out as per the guidelines of DGMS and MoEF and CC guidelines, with a specific focus on PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter. From the study, it was clear that the dust emission levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in the mine area and some parts of the processing area were below the permissible limit of 1200 ?g/m³ as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, 2009). It was also found that the dust emission levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in the crushing and screening area of the processing plant were above the permissible limit of 1200 ?g/m³. Further the statistical prediction model was developed using linear, quadratic and cubic supervised machine learning (regression) modelling. The results indicated that the cubic regression model will provide the accurate prediction of fugitive dust emission with lower error and standard deviation. © 2025, World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved.