Faculty Publications
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/18736
Publications by NITK Faculty
Browse
53 results
Search Results
Item Impact of Blockchain for Internet of Things Security(wiley, 2020) Rudra, B.The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a major role in the industry and is encouraging researchers to come up with various applications by bringing economical and social benefits to society. This is having an incredible impact on various environments using common operating picture ranging from mission-critical applications to business-oriented applications like healthcare, transportation, video surveillance, banking, etc. Common operating picture is achieved with the help of advancements seen in WSN devices, which are able to communicate with each other for the exchange of information and allow the data analysis for various purposes. The information is exchanged among the devices using the central server of cloud or fog, raising various security vulnerabilities. Not only the servers, but the IoT devices themselves will have security vulnerabilites which can be exploited by attacks like device spoofing, false authentication, etc. Taking into consideration the predicted evolution of IoT in the coming years, it is required to provide confidence in the users that the data they store or exchange and the devices they use for the purpose of security and privacy is preserved. The IoT objects are interconnected to each other but the functions of these vary from each other, which will not yield better security results with the conventional approaches. To address security and privacy concerns, the central server concept is eliminated and blockchain technology is introduced as a part of IoT. Blockchain, which is used for Bitcoin, has been recently used to provide security in peer-to-peer network, which is similar to IoT technology. This chapter explains the various applications of IoT fol lowed by the security and privacy issues. It discusses the challenges involved in securing IoT followed by an introduction to blockchain technology along with various advantages of blockchain for IoT. It also discusses the application domains of blockchain technology in IoT, classification of threat models that are considered by blockchain protocols for IoT networks, and a comparison of state-of-the-art secure models with respect to blockchain. At the end, the chapter highlights the open challenges and further research directions in blockchain technology for IoT. © 2020 Scrivener Publishing LLC.Item Blockchain Based Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) for Wildlife Monitoring(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Madhusudhan, R.; Pravisha, P.Climate change poses a significant threat to wild animals and their habitats, increasing the chance of human-wildlife conflict. Traditional camera-based imaging systems are centralized and require operators to install the camera and monitor the video recording constantly. However, manually processing the massive number of images and videos gathered from camera traps is expensive and time-consuming. In this article, we will develop a framework for wildlife monitoring systems that make use of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), and blockchain. A wildlife camera that uses AIoT to detect wild animal movement in real-time gathers the dynamic properties of animals. Cloud computing solutions are impractical for critical data management in wildlife monitoring due to their high latency and constant internet connectivity requirements. IPFS is a distributed file system that offers efficient data storage, distribution, and persistence, enabling offline-centric paradigms. In our framework, IPFS is used for permanent data storage, and the hash value of data is stored on a private blockchain. The data from multiple forest zones is stored on a consortium blockchain. A simulation is carried out using CNN and a method to improve the scalability of the framework is presented. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Item Smart Land Registry System Using Blockchain: Challenges and Solutions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Madhusudhan, R.; Arya, D.; Pravisha, P.The land registry system fosters property investment and provides security to proprietors, thereby promoting economic development. Traditional centralized systems encounter challenges such as inefficiency, malicious activity, lack of transparency, etc. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that maintains data over a network without the control of a central authority. It uses a peer-to-peer system and consensus mechanisms to validate and permanently add transaction blocks, making data tamper-proof and immutable. The blockchain-based smart land registry system offers several benefits, including efficiency, security, transparency, and immutability. Blockchains can be configured as public, private, hybrid, or consortium, each with specific advantages and use cases. The blockchain network uses a consensus mechanism to ensure that only verified transactions are added to a block. A good combination of blockchain and consensus algorithms has solved various problems in land registration. In this article, a systematic study is conducted on blockchain-based land registry systems to identify research gaps in this area. The article highlights the technologies used for developing these systems and the classification of systems based on the services provided. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Item Stride-based threat modeling for blockchain-based healthcare supply chain management system(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Harish, S.V.; Chandrasekaran, K.; Rathnamma; Divakarla, U.; Ramana, V.The increasing use of blockchain technology in supply chain management has made it imperative to understand the possible security risks associated with its implementation. This research aims to identify important security issues related to supply chain management's use of blockchain technology by doing a thorough analysis of the body of existing literature and looking at actual cases of blockchain deployments. These dangers include the possibility of data privacy breaches, smart contract weaknesses, and 51% attack vulnerability. The report also offers suggestions for reducing these risks, including using multi-factor authentication, regularly carrying out security audits, and enforcing strict access rules. The study's conclusions broaden our knowledge of the security risks associated with blockchain-based supply chain management (BC-SCM) and offer useful guidance to companies thinking about implementing this technology. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.Item CollabChain: Blockchain-backed trustless web-based volunteer computing platform(Springer Verlag service@springer.de, 2019) Sagar Bharadwaj, K.S.; Dharanikota, S.; Honawad, A.; Chandrasekaran, K.Volunteer computing is a distributed computing model in which individuals in possession of computing resources volunteer to provide them to a project. Owing to the availability of billions of computing devices all over the world, volunteer computing can help solve problems that are larger in scale even for supercomputers. However, volunteer computing projects are difficult to launch and deploy. These platforms also force volunteers to trust the authenticity of the project owner and to blindly accept credits allotted to their contribution by the project owner. As a result, very few high-profile trusted projects are able to sustain in this system. In this paper, we present an incentivized web-based volunteer computing platform that functions as a market place to buy and sell computing power. Launching a project on the system and contributing to an existing project happens over the browser without the need for a specialized software or hardware. We introduce the application of blockchain to remove the need to trust any other party in the system. We also present a prototype implementation and solve NP-Problems as examples using the proposed prototype. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Blockchain based En-Route Filtering of False Data in Wireless Sensor Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Kumar, A.; Pais, A.R.Wireless sensor networks are an easy target for report fabrication attacks, where compromised sensor nodes can be used by an adversary to flood the network with bogus/false reports. En-route filtering is a mechanism where intermediate forwarding nodes identify and drop false reports while they are being forwarded towards the sink. Existing en-route filtering schemes either have high storage overhead or low filtering efficiency. In this article, we propose a blockchain based deterministic en-route filtering scheme, capable of dropping false reports efficiently. Further, the proposed scheme does not require any key exchange between sensor nodes for data endorsement/authentication, thus reducing the associated key storage overhead and communication overhead. Finally, the proposed scheme can also adapt to dynamic networks and mobile sinks making it suitable for modern wireless sensor networks. © 2019 IEEE.Item VoteChain: A Blockchain Based E-Voting System(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Pandey, A.; Bhasi, M.; Chandrasekaran, K.In the past, electronic voting systems have not seen widespread adoption due to data privacy concerns. Previously proposed e-voting systems make use of a central database to store data, resulting in the servers used to store these databases being a single point of failure. These systems have also been found to be vulnerable to DoS attacks, leading to concerns over their reliability.Blockchains have been used to build secure and scalable distributed systems which have shown several benefits over centralized systems. They have seen uses in sectors ranging from finance and healthcare to food and energy.In this paper, we present VoteChain, a blockchain based voting system to help bring transparency and security to polls. We report on our implementation of VoteChain, as well as the results obtained in testing the system in a real-world poll which prove that such a system can be used in practice for large-scale elections. © 2019 IEEE.Item Inter-Planetary File System Enabled Blockchain Solution for Securing Healthcare Records(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Marangappanavar, R.K.; Manjappa, M.The sharing of health-related data has become challenging in terms of data security which may lead to compromise patient's privacy. Generally, once the report generated by the health provider is final, it will be uploaded to the hospital's private repository. When it comes to the hospital as an organization, many participants [Doctor, Patient, Researcher, Insurance company] requires the report of patients for one or other reasons. Providing a single platform for all participants to share confidential data securely is a difficult and challenging task. Care should be taken such that the personal data of the patients should not be misused or tampered. Existing methods have been proved insufficient to effectively manage and secure health records. Blockchain technology, a recent research trend, has shown promising results for such secure data sharing. Since the contents of blockchain are tamper-proof, all participants can access the data but cannot change the data. By employing smart contracts and access control programs one can monitor data activity in the blockchain network. In this article, a blockchain architecture has been designed and discussed for secure and easy sharing of patient's Personal Health Report(PHR) among the different players of health organization. Further, Inter-Planetary File System (IPFS) has also used in the proposed blockchain architecture for faster retrieval of PHR's. We demonstrate the strengths of our proposed model, its user-centric focus and also the experimental results. © 2020 IEEE.Item The Dependency of Healthcare on Security: Issues and Challenges(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Kittur, L.J.; Mehra, R.; Chandavarkar, B.R.Information security and privacy in the sector of healthcare is an important issue that has to be given importance. With the growing adoption of electronic health records of patients, the need of accessing and sharing information between different healthcare professionals is also increasing. This gives rise to the attention that has to be provided for securing the information. Also the adoption of the Internet of Things in wireless body sensor networks, leads to the usage of Cloud and Fog in healthcare systems. Thus pointing towards secure methods of accessing, storing, processing of sensitive data. In this paper, an overview of different issues and challenges pertaining to the security of healthcare systems is presented. Also, the solutions to address the security concerns in the healthcare systems are also discussed. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Ethereum Blockchain Enabled Secure and Transparent E-Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Rao, V.; Singh, A.; Rudra, B.The blockchain’s revolutionary concept is the underlying technology behind the popular examples such as Bitcoin and it now relies on the Web and online services. Nowadays, blockchain is famous for its use in cryptocurrencies, but many fintech activities and routine processes that were done offline can be done using blockchain. Smart contracts are abstract pieces of codes that need to be inserted into the network and enforced as planned in every phase of upgrading blockchains. With the population growing so fast across the globe, e-voting is an emerging online service-related issue. The smart contracts of blockchain enable to have a easy, safe, cheap, secure and transparent e-voting due to which blockchain is one of the top solutions for e-voting. Even in the many blockchains available in the world, Ethereum is one of the most consistent available blockchain and has widespread use because of which it is suitable for e-voting. An e-voting system must ensure that it is secure, as it should not allow duplicated votes and it should be able to protect attendants’ privacy being fully transparent too. In this paper, Ethereum wallets and Solidity language for smart contracts were used to make a sample small scale e-voting application. The blockchain was tested on local blockchain using ganache and ropsten test network. The Ethereum blockchain keeps the records of ballots and votes after an election is held. Users can use Ethereum wallets to directly submit theirs vote and those votes are handled with the consensus of each Ethereum node. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.