Faculty Publications
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/18736
Publications by NITK Faculty
Browse
18 results
Search Results
Item Review on the development of natural rubber/nanoclay nanocomposites(Elsevier, 2024) Sasikumar, S.; Kishore Sivaram, S.; Yadav, P.K.; Murugesan, S.Nanoclays are aluminosilicate layers separated by nanometers; they possess some outstanding properties, including barrier properties, flame resistance, superhydrophobicity, hydrolytic stability, hydrolysis resistance, biocompatibility, stiffness, stimuli responsivity, dynamic mechanical qualities along with low-temperature flexibility, and resilience. Surface-modified nanoclays provide excellent adhesion to the polymer matrix. They also have higher free energy for the surface and a higher degree of exfoliation or intercalation morphology. These unique properties possessed by nanoclays have piqued the interest of both industry and research groups, even in the 20th century. The natural rubber/nanoclay architecture has potential applications in the field of engineering materials. This article discusses the latest advancements in natural rubber/nanoclay composite systems for engineering applications. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Antimicrobial Metal-organic Frameworks(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2025) Murugesan, S.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to a 3D porous material, which is made of metal ions connected together by organic moieties (ligands). Also, it often underlies between coordination compounds and materials science. Owing to its highly porous structure and other functional properties such as high surface area and surface energy, it has been widely used in various applications, especially in electronics and biomedical sectors by tailor-made cations. MOF-based various substrates, including scaffolds, thin films, hydrogels, and 3D-printed structures showed remarkable improvement in various biological characteristics like cell differentiation, tissue regeneration, controlled drug release, and antimicrobial properties combined with mechanical stability. Antimicrobial MOFs are widely used for tissue regeneration as infections are the major reason for scaffolds or implants failure. This chapter deals only with various antimicrobial-based MOF substrates for a range of biomedical applications, such as tissue/organ regeneration, wound dressing materials, 3D-printed scaffolds, and drug delivery systems. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.Item Utilization of Master and Smart Meter Readings for Pin Pointing Electricity Theft Using Correlation Analysis(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Janani, J.; Murugesan, S.The electricity becomes the economical backbone of any country. The energy theft becomes a major concern, since its directly affecting the countries economy. The power consumed by each customer is recorded continuously by the smart meters which are connected to the individual home. Also, the overall data is measured by a master meter. Most of the existing work focuses on the similar attack in all the houses and hence it can be considered as a linear attack. In this work, 3 different attacks have been considered, i.e. the consumer manipulate their readings in 3 different ways. Based on the data, the power theft could be identified and the particular non-honest consumer can be identified easily. In this work, spearman correlation is utilized for detecting the energy theft. Several experiments have been conducted for the real time dataset of various homes. © 2024 IEEE.Item Nanomaterials-based Field Effect Transistor biosensor for cancer therapy(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sasikumar, S.; Sivaram, K.; Sreejisha, N.; Murugesan, S.Biosensors made of nanomaterials play a prominent part in diagnostic applications in the biomedical domain. The peculiar characteristics of nanomaterials including quantum effects, self-assembly, and larger surface area make them an irresistible choice for biomedical applications. Cancer is one of the life-threatening diseases across the world and the second leading cause of death. Early diagnosing has its advantages, such as treating the cancer in the primary stage helps in the faster recovery of patients. Many enzymatic/protein assays and biosensors have been developed for early-stage cancer diagnosis. Despite many types of biosensors available for biosensing applications, Field Effect Transistor biosensors (FET) prove to be an excellent choice due to their minimalistic size, high versatility, low noise, and high reliability for detecting a life-threatening disease cancer. FETs made of nanomaterials can provide sensitive, specific, and precise detection of cancer biomarkers, assisting cancer diagnosis in its early stages. Certain significant factors like selectivity, anti-interference, sensitivity, reproducibility, reusability, disposability, economic viability, large-scale production, and operational conditions determine the efficiency of the FET biosensor in diagnosing cancers. Many works are being carried out to meet the above demands for FET-based biosensors. Various nanomaterials are employed to fabricate the FET, and their performances are so incredible. This review provides insight into various nanotechnology-based FET biosensors such as Graphene Carbon Dots-based FET, Carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based FET, Silicon nanowire-based FET, Polycrystalline Si nanowire-based FET, Graphene Oxide-based FET, Indium Selenide (InSe)-based FET, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based FET, Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based FET, Tungsten diselenide (WSe2)-based FET, MXene-based FET, and nanocomposites-based FET. Subsequently, their applications in early cancer diagnosis are also comprehensively discussed including their various fabrication approaches for binding different bioreceptors such as enzymes, cells, aptamers, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and antibodies followed by targeting the specific analyte of cancer cells. © 2025 The AuthorsItem Antibacterial MXenes: An emerging non-antibiotic paradigm for surface engineering of orthopedic and dental implants(KeAi Communications Co., 2025) Gnanasekar, S.; He, X.; Nagay, B.E.; Xu, K.; Rao, X.; Duan, S.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.; Kang, E.-T.; Xu, L.The colonization of planktonic bacteria onto implant surfaces is a serious concern in the medical field due to increasing infection-related mortality and fiscal difficulties worldwide. Various static, dynamic, and active coating techniques were established to tackle implant-associated infections (IAIs). However, the existing implant coating methods often confront issues with poor universality for different substrates, adaptability, stability, and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR). The miraculous two-dimensional (2D) MXenes with outstanding multimodal bactericidal effects have been spotted as promising non-antibiotic implant surface coating additives for superior antibiofilm and osseointegration properties. This review systematically assesses the recent progress of antibacterial MXenes and their revolutionary usage to prevent peri-implantitis. We specifically sought to disclose the various forms of MXenes, such as composites, heterojunctions (HJs), and functional biomaterials used in combatting MDR and non-MDR bacterial pathogens by adopting therapeutic ventures such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In addition, we outlined the extension of MXene antibacterial systems for orthopedic and dental implant surface engineering to improve their longevity and safety. A thorough understanding of antibacterial MXenes synthesis, surface modification strategies, and biocompatible functional properties was deliberated to facilitate the construction of innovative coatings. Lastly, some viewpoints on the current limitations and key considerations for the future concept design of MXenes-coated implants were contemplated constructively to promote clinical outcomes. © 2025 The AuthorsItem Synthesis-driven properties of MXenes: A comprehensive review of antimicrobial, cellular, and osseointegration potentials applied to biomedical implants(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Calazans Neto, J.V.; Asokan, A.; Nagay, B.E.; Nechithodi, S.; Souza, J.G.S.; Gnanasekar, S.; Xu, L.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.Bacterial colonization in biomedical devices can lead to inflammation and bone loss, thereby compromising the implant's function. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, also known as superbugs, due to antibiotic abuse, further complicates and necessitates the exploration of innovative, versatile strategies. MXenes with multi-modal antimicrobial functionalities are promising two-dimensional (2D) materials for eliminating the complexities of biofilm, and for improving bone adhesion and tissue regeneration. However, methodologies for synthesizing MXenes are crucial to their performance, highlighting the need for further optimization. This review comprehensively explores MXene synthesis for biomaterial applications by analyzing their microbiological and biological properties while highlighting their potential to enhance osseointegration. To this end, a systematic search was performed, and 22 studies were identified that assessed at least one aspect related to the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, or surface characterization of MXenes. The MXenes analyzed in this review—Ti3AlC2, Mo2Ti2C3, and Nb2AlC—exhibit the typical accordion-like morphology with ultrathin sheets. These materials possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation, which are further enhanced upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Moreover, MXenes exhibit biocompatibility, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as fostering osseointegration and bone regeneration. Despite these promising findings, the wide variability in synthesis methods and material compositions underscores the need for further clinical studies to enable the development of these materials into next-generation antimicrobial and bioactive coatings for biomedical implant applications. © 2025 Elsevier LtdItem Liquid-liquid equilibrium of poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 + diammonium hydrogen phosphate + water at different temperatures(2008) Amaresh, S.P.; Murugesan, S.; Iyyaswami, I.; Murugesan, T.Liquid-liquid equilibrium for an aqueous two-phase system containing poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 + diammonium hydrogen phosphate + water was studied at four different temperatures of (25, 30, 35, and 45)°C. The binodal curve was fitted to three different empirical equations relating the concentrations of PEG 4000 and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and the coefficients were estimated for the respective temperatures for all three equations. The effective excluded volume values were obtained from the binodal model for the present system, and salting-out ability of the salt was discussed. Tie line compositions were correlated using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations, and the parameters are also reported. Further, the experimental binodal data of the poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 + diammonium hydrogen phosphate + water system were compared to poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 + diammonium hydrogen phosphate + water for (25, 35, and 45)°C. © 2008 American Chemical Society.Item Densities and viscosities of poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 + diammonium hydrogen phosphate + water systems(2009) Iyyaswami, I.; Murugesan, S.; Amaresh, S.P.; Govindarajan, R.; Murugesan, T.The densities and viscosities of binary and ternary solutions of the poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 (PEG4000) + diammonium hydrogen phosphate + water system were determined at different temperatures [(298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K]. The measured density and viscosity data of all the binary and ternary systems were fitted to available empirical correlations, for the corresponding temperatures. The density data show a linear variation with mass fraction of the polymer for all temperatures. The viscosity data of all the solutions were correlated as a function of their mass fraction, using a nonlinear equation, for the five different temperatures covered in the present work. Densities and viscosities of PEG4000 - diammonium hydrogen phosphate two-phase systems have been measured at (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K. The tie line lengths (TLL) of the aqueous two-phase systems have also been estimated, and the effect of the physical properties on the TLL is also reported. © 2009 American Chemical Society.Item Liquid-liquid equilibrium of poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 + triammonium citrate + water systems at different temperatures(2009) Iyyaswami, I.; Murugesan, S.; Govindarajan, R.; Amaresh, S.P.; Murugesan, T.Liquid - liquid equilibrium for an aqueous two-phase system containing poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 + triammonium citrate + water was studied at five different temperatures, (25, 30, 35, 40, and 45) °C. The binodal curve was fitted to an empirical equation relating the concentrations of PEG 6000 and triammonium citrate, and the coefficients were estimated for the respective temperatures. The effective excluded volume values were obtained from the binodal data. Tie line compositions were estimated and correlated using Othmer - Tobias and Bancroft equations, and the parameters are reported. © 2009 American Chemical Society.Item Anionic surfactant based reverse micellar extraction of l-asparaginase synthesized by Azotobacter vinelandii(Springer Verlag, 2017) Murugesan, S.; Iyyaswami, R.; Kumar, S.V.; Surendran, A.Abstract: l-Asparaginase synthesized by Azotobacter vinelandii via submerged fermentation in the presence of sucrose was successfully extracted using Reverse micellar extraction. Single step enzyme purification process was developed by varying the process variables which resulted in maximum specificity and extraction of l-asparaginase. The effect of different variables, including broth pH, addition of alcohol during the forward extraction and pH of the fresh stripping aqueous phase, addition of alcohol and electrolyte during backward extraction process were studied. Lower concentration of butanol resulted in maximum activity of the enzyme during forward extraction while enzyme activity was found to increase further with the addition of higher concentrations of ammonium sulphate during backward extraction. Chromatographic analysis of l-asparaginase peak at ~7.65 min was intense for the back extracted sample confirming the maximum purity of l-asparaginase obtained. Purity of l-asparaginase was increased to about 379.68 fold. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.