Faculty Publications
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/18736
Publications by NITK Faculty
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Recent Changes in Hydrometeorological Extremes in the Bilate River Basin of Rift Valley, Ethiopia(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2023) Lambe, B.T.; Kundapura, S.The hydroclimatic extremes such as floods and droughts have been causing damage and losses with rising frequency than ever before. The human-induced and internal climate variability create extreme events and local hydrometeorological changes influencing climate-sensitive sectors. This research is aimed at analyzing the recent changes in the hydrometeorological extremes using indices over the Bilate basin in Ethiopia. Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator were used to examine changes in hydrometeorological extreme indices. The rainy days' rate of change falls between þ10.64 mm in the downstream to −10.67 mm in the upstream north. The wet day rainfall and heavy rainfall day indices were stronger in the basin's southwest, implying more likely flood events. The consecutive dry days show a rising tendency with more variability, while the consecutive wet days show no trend with less variability. The change point analysis revealed inconsistencies for the majority of the extreme indices. The stations' average warmest nights and days significantly increased at a rate of 0.0358°C and 0.0320°C per annum, respectively. The coldest nights in most of the stations show a significant and negligible rise in the basin while on the coldest days more than half of the stations declining. The peak flow in the annual and seasonal time series shows a rising trend and a dominant rise in most low flow indices, which possibly flashes downstream flooding. The global and local climate anomalies revealed a weak correlation, but with overlap of wet and drought years. Basin water resource plans may benefit from identified overlap cross of threshold years for improved flood control and drought monitoring. © 2018 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.Item Temporal Assessment of Meteorological Drought Events Using Stationary and Nonstationary Drought Indices for Two Climate Regions in India(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2023) Sajeev, A.; Kundapura, S.This study attempts to build nonstationary indices for assessing meteorological drought in two different climate zones in India: the arid Saurashtra and Kutch and humid-tropical Coastal Karnataka. Time and climate indices are considered as covariates to develop nonstationary models using the generalized additive model in location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) for the period, 1951-2004. A comparative study has been conducted to assess the statistical performance of stationary and nonstationary models on various time scales (3, 6, 12, and 24 months). The best model is selected to conduct copula-based bivariate drought analysis. For this purpose, drought properties such as drought severity, duration, and peak are calculated. The annual and seasonal rainfall departures are also analyzed, and more rainfall-deficient years are detected in Saurashtra and Kutch regions than in Coastal Karnataka. The nonstationary index performed better in capturing drought properties in statistical analysis over both the study areas at all time scales. The nonstationary drought index shows better consistency with historical drought and flood events than the stationary index. Cooccurrence and joint return periods are calculated and compared with univariate return periods. A significant difference is observed between bivariate and univariate return periods, and more risk is detected in Saurashtra and Kutch than in Coastal Karnataka. The impacts of rainfall and drought on the yield of major crops in study areas are also analyzed. The yield loss rate of bajra significantly correlates with the nonstationary standardized precipitation index (NSPI) in Saurashtra and Kutch, whereas rice yield has no significant correlation with the index in Coastal Karnataka. This new aspect of drought analysis provides feasible results in both arid and humid regions in a changing environment. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.Item Comparative evaluation of meteorological and hydrological drought using stationary and non-stationary indices in a semi-arid river basin in India(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Sajeev, A.; Kundapura, S.Few researchers have incorporated climate change in drought indices calculations and conducted comparative analyses of meteorological and hydrological droughts using non-stationary indices. The primary objective of this research is to develop non-stationary indices for assessing meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Shetrunji River basin in India. The climate oscillations are used as covariates to create non-stationary models by applying the generalized additive model in location, scale, and shape from 1971 to 2015. The statistical performance of stationary and non-stationary models has been compared across various time scales (3-, 6-, 12- and 24-months), and the results indicate that non-stationary models more effectively capture meteorological and hydrological drought events than stationary models. The drought and flood events detected by non-stationary indices are compared with historical episodes to assess the robustness of the indices. The results are also compared with drought events obtained from rainfall and streamflow departures. The annual and seasonal departures in rainfall and streamflow show the highest deficiency of rainfall and streamflow in 1987. The probability of different drought classes is calculated, and a higher likelihood of severe to extreme dry conditions is observed compared to very wet and extreme wet conditions in the basin. Investigation has been conducted on the impact of meteorological drought on hydrological drought and a correlation analysis between both types of drought. A significant correlation is observed between meteorological and hydrological drought at all analyzed time scales. Meteorological drought impacts surface water resources with a one-month lag at all time scales, with the highest response rate obtained at 6-month scale (91.13%). The study also examines the impact of drought on yield loss in kharif (bajra) and rabi (wheat) crops. Bajra and wheat yield loss rates strongly correlate with non-stationary drought indices, with a more significant effect of drought on bajra yield than wheat during major drought events. This novel dimension of drought studies provides practical insights into semi-arid regions in a changing environment. The findings can be utilized by various sectors, including drought management, agricultural planners, and policymakers, to reduce crop loss due to drought. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.