Faculty Publications

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Particulate mass size distributions were measured during cooking and non-cooking periods in three Indian urban household kitchens with Liquefied Petroleum Gas as fuel. Based on the measured mass size distributions, fraction of particulate deposition in the respiratory system were calculated for a healthy Indian female using a deterministic lung deposition model. Respiratory physiological data of Indian women were collected from the published data. These physiological parameters were incorporated in the model to determine the particulate deposition in the respiratory system. The cooking generated very high concentration of particles 4 to 5 times more than the non-cooking background periods. Particulate size distributions in both cooking and non-cooking periods showed bimodal characteristics. Cooking process generated particles predominantly in accumulation mode (0.1-0.3 ?m) whereas during non-cooking periods particulates are found in coarse mode (1.0-2.0 ?m). Also, during frying process, the particulates were found to have a predominant coarser/droplet mode 0.7-1.0 ?m. The highest deposition was observed in pulmonary region during cooking periods. The study shows that the daily particulate dose to the urban Indian women from domestic cooking is comparable with the dose resulting from outdoor particulate exposure. Copyright © American Association for Aerosol Research.
(Particulate respiratory dose to Indian women from domestic cooking) Varghese, S.K.; Gangamma, S.; Patil, R.S.; Sethi, V.
2005
Particle deposition in human respiratory system: Deposition of concentrated hygroscopic aerosols
(2009) Varghese, S.K.; Gangamma, S.
In the nearly saturated human respiratory tract, the presence of water-soluble substances in the inhaled aerosols can cause change in the size distribution of the particles. This consequently alters the lung deposition profiles of the inhaled airborne particles. Similarly, the presence of high concentration of hygroscopic aerosols also affects the water vapor and temperature profiles in the respiratory tract. A model is presented to analyze these effects in human respiratory system. The model solves simultaneously the heat and mass transfer equations to determine the size evolution of respirable particles and gas-phase properties within human respiratory tract. First, the model predictions for nonhygroscopic aerosols are compared with experimental results. The model results are compared with experimental results of sodium chloride particles. The model reproduces the major features of the experimental data. The water vapor profile is significantly modified only when a high concentration of particles is present. The model is used to study the effect of equilibrium assumptions on particle deposition. Simulations show that an infinite dilution solution assumption to calculate the saturation equilibrium over droplet could induce errors in estimating particle growth. This error is significant in the case of particles of size greater than 1 ?m and at number concentrations higher than 105/cm3. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.
Airborne particulate matter and acute lung inflammation
(2013) Gangamma, S.
[No abstract available]
Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Mishra, R.; Krishnamoorthy, P.; Gangamma, S.; Raut, A.A.; Kumar, H.
Particulate matter (PM10) enhances severity of influenza virus infection through skewing innate immunity via modulation of metabolic pathways-related genes.; Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 ?m) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) – H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM10 prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM10 enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd; © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

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