Conference Papers
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Item Quantification and morphology studies of nanoporous alumina membranes: A new algorithm for digital image processing(2013) Choudhari, K.S.; Jidesh, P.; Sudheendra, P.; Kulkarni, S.D.A new mathematical algorithm is reported for the accurate and efficient analysis of pore properties of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) membranes using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. NAA membranes of the desired pore size were fabricated using a two-step anodic oxidation process. Surface morphology of the NAA membranes with different pore properties was studied using SEM images along with computerized image processing and analysis. The main objective was to analyze the SEM images of NAA membranes quantitatively, systematically, and quickly. The method uses a regularized shock filter for contrast enhancement, mathematical morphological operators, and a segmentation process for efficient determination of pore properties. The algorithm is executed using MATLAB, which generates a statistical report on the morphology of NAA membrane surfaces and performs accurate quantification of the parameters such as average pore-size distribution, porous area fraction, and average interpore distances. A good comparison between the pore property measurements was obtained using our algorithm and ImageJ software. This algorithm, with little manual intervention, is useful for optimizing the experimental process parameters during the fabrication of such nanostructures. Further, the algorithm is capable of analyzing SEM images of similar or asymmetrically porous nanostructures where sample and background have distinguishable contrast. Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013.Item Data transfer using MCM code(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Manishkumar, S.P.; Agarawal, D.J.; Tom, A.J.; Chaithya, G.R.; Varambally, S.Multicolored Matrix (MCM) Code is a two-dimensional color coded matrix. It consists a sequence of images rendered at an optimum frame rate to transfer simple data between portable devices such as a mobile phone. We introduce an untried channel-less short range communication technology, designed with limitless storage capacity, great structural stability and flexibility due to which it can work in harsh lighting environments and still combat readability issues in the decoding process. The idea is inspired by the already existing QR code. Our method has various code types in terms of number of colors and size of matrix depending on length of the data. This paper introduces our new idea of data transfer, the technical features of the code along with the encoding-decoding techniques, bit error rates and future scope of improvements for the idea. © 2016 IEEE.Item Image processing approach to diagnose eye diseases(Springer Verlag service@springer.de, 2017) Prashasthi, P.; Shravya, K.S.; Deepak, A.; Mulimani, M.; Shashidhar, K.G.Image processing and machine learning techniques are used for automatic detection of abnormalities in eye. The proposed methodology requires a clear photograph of eye (not necessarily a fundoscopic image) from which the chromatic and spatial property of the sclera and iris is extracted. These features are used in the diagnosis of various diseases considered. The changes in the colour of iris is a symptom for corneal infections and cataract, the spatial distribution of different colours distinguishes diseases like subconjunctival haemorrhage and conjunctivitis, and the spatial arrangement of iris and sclera is an indicator of palsy. We used various classifiers of which adaboost classifier which was found to give a substantially high accuracy i.e., about 95% accuracy when compared to others (k-NN and naive-Bayes). To enumerate the accuracy of the method proposed, we used 150 samples in which 23% were used for testing and 77% were used for training. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.Item Compressed Sensing for Energy and Bandwidth Starved IoT Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Ramachandra, G.; Bhat, M.S.Ensuring security through the use of video surveillance cameras at public places is becoming attractive these days, thanks to the efficient compression, transmission and storage schemes. To up-scale the surveillance mechanism to large sensor networks, it is imperative that the applications become compatible to wireless sensor networks using Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure. IoT nodes are generally energy and bandwidth-limited owing to their small size and large scale deployment. Therefore, any image/video acquisition application using IoT infrastructure should function within these constraints. Compressed sensing (CS) is one such paradigm that uses simultaneous sensing and compression and provides a technique for efficient image/video acquisition. This paper investigates the use of compressed sensing for image acquisition in IoT based applications that suffer from energy, bandwidth and storage limitations. © 2018 IEEE.Item Evaluation of ultrasonic sensor in robot mapping(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Nair, S.K.A.; Joladarashi, S.; Ganesh, N.This paper presents the simulation and experimental investigation on mapping done using ultrasonic sensor(HC-SR04). Issues related to exploration, mapping and localization are discussed. Kobuki base with three ultrasonic sensors was kept as robot mobile base platform. A 2D occupancy grid map is updated by the robot when it moves and collects information from ultrasonic sensor. The sensor being noisy in nature generates unwanted ghost points. This results in outliers in the map especially in corners of the environment due to specular reflections. The issues like outliers are dealt with image processing techniques. © 2019 IEEE.Item Development of low-cost real-time driver drowsiness detection system using eye centre tracking and dynamic thresholding(Springer Verlag service@springer.de, 2020) Khan, F.; Sharma, S.One in every five vehicle accidents on the road today is caused simply due to driver fatigue. Fatigue or otherwise drowsiness, significantly reduces the concentration and vigilance of the driver thereby increasing the risk of inherent human error leading to injuries and fatalities. Hence, our primary motive being - to reduce road accidents using a non-intrusive image processing based alert system. In this regard, we have built a system that detects driver drowsiness by real time tracking and monitoring the pattern of the driver’s eyes. The stand alone system consists of 3 interconnected components - a processor, a camera and an alarm. After initial facial detection, the eyes are located, extracted and continuously monitored to check whether they are open or closed on the basis of a pixel-by-pixel method. When the eyes are seen to be closed for a certain amount of time, drowsiness is said to be detected and an alarm is issued accordingly to alert the driver and hence, prevent a casualty. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.Item Estimation of Tyre Pressure from the Characteristics of the Wheel: An Image Processing Approach(Springer, 2020) Vineeth Reddy, V.B.; Ananda Rao, H.; Yeshwanth, A.; Ramteke, P.B.; Koolagudi, S.G.Improper tyre pressure is a safety issue that falls prey to ignorance of users. But a drop in tyre pressure can result in the reduction of mileage, tyre life, vehicle safety and performance. In this paper, an approach is proposed to measure the tyre pressure from the image of the wheel. The tyre pressure is classified into under pressure and normal pressure using load index, tyre type, tyre position and ratio of compressed and uncompressed tyre radius. The efficiency of the feature is evaluated using three classifiers namely Random Forest, AdaBoost and Artificial Neural Networks. It is observed that the ratio of radii plays a major role in classifying the tyres. The proposed system can be used to obtain a rough idea on whether the tyre should be refilled or not. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Analysis &evaluation of Image filtering Noise reduction technique for Microscopic Images(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Devi, T.G.; Patil, N.Image processing in the field of microscopy is gaining popularity with the use of advanced techniques used for accurate classification of cells. The abnormalities in the image can be detected accurately after the image has been processed using digital image processing techniques. Preprocessing is an important step in which the noise and other undesirable content will be removed. Preprocessing is essential because the noise will cause inaccuracy in the image processing techniques. Filtering the image to denoise is the first step in preprocessing. The accuracy of denoising using filters determines the quality of the entire image processing cycle. This paper proposes filters to denoise the microscopic images. In this paper, two filters - Wiener and Median filters are compared for accuracy in denoising the image in the preprocessing stage of the cell classification. The Wiener filter and the Median filter were implemented and compared for Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) which can be used for better image classification in the later stages. The proposed method was tested using 35 real time images which has Gaussian noise. The two filters perform for the collected dataset whereas the median filter gives highest PSNR outperforming the Wiener filter. © 2020 IEEE.Item Atm theft investigation using convolutional neural network(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Satish, Y.C.; Rudra, B.Image processing in a surveillance video has been a challenging task in research and development for several years. Crimes in Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is common nowadays, in spite of having a surveillance camera inside an ATM as it is not fully integrated to detect crime/theft. On the other hand, we have many image processing algorithms that can help us to detect the covered faces, a person wearing a helmet and some other abnormal features. This paper proposes an alert system, by extracting various features like face-covering, helmet-wearing inside an ATM system to detect theft/crime that may happen. We cannot judge theft/crime as it may happen at any time but we can alert the authorized persons to monitor the video surveillance. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.Item Development and validation of a novel automated method for quantification of choroidal thickness in age-related macular degeneration(SPIE, 2021) Smitha, A.; Jidesh, P.; Janarthanam, J.; Lakshminarayanan, V.Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, irreversible retinal disorder, and one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment or even blindness in the elderly population. The choroid plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of AMD. It is known that abnormal choroidal blood flow leads to retinal photoreceptor dysfunction and eventual death. We propose a new automated algorithm that can be used to quantify choroidal thickness (CT) from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images of the retina. This thickness evaluation procedure includes image contrast enhancement, localization around the fovea centralis, segmentation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) and choroidal layer, followed by CT measurement at multiple locations in the sub-foveal region at intervals of 0.5 mm on both nasal and temporal sides up to a distance of 1 mm from the center of the foveal pit. The horizontal radial scan OCT images (Cirrus 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA) of both healthy and AMD patients were used to measure the CT using the new algorithm. The statistical tests convey that the CT of AMD patients is relatively smaller than the normal condition. Furthermore, t-Test conducted between the proposed approach and clinical approach of extracting CT measurements confirm that the proposed method is in good agreement with the clinical measurements. On an average, the thickness of the choroid is found to be 0.32 ± 0.10 mm for the normal category and 0.21 ± 0.06 mm for the AMD category, in the central sub-foveal region, as obtained from the proposed automatic CT measurement method. The clinical significance and the results of automated choroid extraction are discussed in this paper. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.