Conference Papers
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/28506
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Item The effect of cyclo- alkane in Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) B20 fuel on a single cylinder di diesel engine(Korean Society of Combustion, 2013) Varghese, G.; Mohanan, P.Diesel engine combustion generates large amounts of oxides of nitrogen due to the presence of oxygen and nitrogen in the combustion chambers at high flame-temperatures. The main component of total cost of producing bio-diesel comprises the cost of raw materials. The use of a low cost feedstock such as Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) can help make biodiesel much cheaper than diesel derived from petroleum sources. Waste cooking oil, which is otherwise wasted, is one of the most economical choices to produce biodiesel [1]. In this investigation, Cyclo- Pentane and Cyclo- Hexane were used as blend-components. The scope of this work also includes studies on various fuel-blends of B20 with varying percentages of blend-components, and comparisons to fossil-based diesel. The studies performed also include investigations on the emission characteristics of B20 with blend-components at different loading conditions. The tests performed indicate that the use of B20 with 1.5% cyclo-hexane as a blend-component, resulted in a significant reduction in NOx emissions by 4% when compared to fossil-based diesel, at a normal injection timing of 27.5° before-top dead-center (btdc), at full-load conditions. It was also observed that the B20 blend with 1% cyclo-pentane possessed the lowest smoke opacity of/by 36% at full-load conditions.Item Experimental analysis of cardanol biofuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines with air-side oxygen enrichment(Trans Tech Publications Ltd ttp@transtec.ch, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Kumar, D.; Mohanan, P.The present study investigates the effect of air-side oxygen concentration enrichment on the performance and emission of a single cylinder diesel engine using a bio-fuel blend as fuel. In this study, a natural phenolic compound, namely, cardanol is selected as the bio-fuel, which is obtained from the shell of cashew nut after purification. A blend of B10M10 (10% cardanol +10% methanol + 80% diesel by volume) is prepared and tested in the engine at various loading conditions. The experiments are carried out at atmospheric oxygen condition and an increment of 3, 5, and 7% of atmospheric oxygen concentration by weight. There is a drastic reduction in HC, CO, and smoke except for NOx emission. The level of NOx emission increases as the oxygen concentration in the intake air is increased. The performance characteristic will increase as the oxygen concentration increases, and higher brake thermal efficiency is obtained for B10M10 at 7% oxygen concentration. B10M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment gives better results, similar to diesel, except for NOx emission. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Item An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Nayak, V.; Bedar, P.; Kumar, G.N.Fluctuation in oil prices and stricter exhaust emission norms were the main reasons wakening every researcher to search for suitable and feasible alternative fuels for automotive use. Among the available option gaseous fuels find their best position because of their compatible physical-chemical properties and ecofriendly nature than present fossil fuels. Hydrogen's combustion properties like high energy content, high heating value, wide range of flammability and low ignition energy with almost least toxic emissions are favorable to use in an IC engine as an alternative fuel. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) has lower carbon content, higher calorific value, octane number and flame propagation speed will improve the emission results compared to gasoline fuel. This paper describes an experimental results carried out to evaluate the combustion and emission performance of a Maruti Suzuki make, spark ignited four cylinders, four stroke engines at idle condition by using pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline. The engine was adjoined with Electronic Control Unit (ECU) assisting hydrogen and LPG injector system keeping gasoline line unchanged. Tests were carried out by using compressed hydrogen gas regulated by two stage pressure reduction from cylinder to atmospheric value and by using vaporizer pressure for LPG. For comparison engine was run first by gasoline and then by pure hydrogen and LPG. Study revealed that there was increment of 13% cylinder pressure for pure hydrogen and decrement of 4.5% cylinder pressure for LPG when compared to gasoline. The burn duration for pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline were found to be increasing respectively which infers that hydrogen has very short combustion duration and gasoline higher. It was observed that toxic emissions like Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were improved for pure hydrogen than LPG and gasoline. © 2016 The Authors.Item Performance Testing of Diesel Engine using Cardanol-Kerosene oil blend(EDP Sciences edps@edpsciences.com, 2018) Ravindra, n.; Mangalpady, M.; Harsha, V.Awareness of environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion has necessitated the use of biofuels in engines which have a relatively cleaner emissions. Cardanol is a biofuel, abundantly available in India, which is a by-product of cashew processing industries. In this study performance of raw Cardanol blended with kerosene has been tested in diesel engine. Volumetric blend BK30 (30% kerosene and 70% Cardanol) has been used for the test. The properties like flash point, viscosity and calorific value of the blend have been determined. The test was carried out in four stroke diesel engine connected with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance of the engine has been analysed by finding the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the blend is 29.87%, with less CO and smoke emission compared to diesel. The results were also compared with the performance of Cardanol diesel blend and Cardanol camphor oil blend, which were already tested in diesel engines by other researchers. Earlier research work reveals that the blend of 30% camphor oil and 70% Cardanol performs very closer to diesel fuel with a thermal efficiency of 29.1%. Similarly, higher brake thermal efficiency was obtained for 20% Cardanol and 80% diesel blend. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.Item The potential of nanoparticle additives in biodiesel: A fundamental outset(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2020) Soudagar, M.E.M.; Ghazali, N.-N.; Akram, N.; Al-Rashid, M.A.; Badruddin, I.A.; Khan, H.; Kallannavar, V.; Shahpurkar, K.; Afzal, A.; Farade, R.; Taqui, S.N.; Ukkund, S.J.Biodiesel is an unparalleled alternative fuel source envisioned to encompass the significance of diesel fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions because to its locked carbon cycle. However, it increases the nitrogen oxide emission, regular engine parts replacement due to clogging, and is not suitable in cold weather conditions. The addition of nanoparticles (metallic, non-metallic, oxygenated, organic and amalgamation) with diesel-biodiesel emulsion fuels results in an enhancement in the engine performance, thermo-physical properties, enrichment in the heat transfer rate, the equilibrium of the fuel mixtures and drop in the exhaust emissions reliant on the prescription of nanoparticle additives. The review intends to demonstrate the most recent nanoparticle additives used in diesel-biodiesel fuels. © 2020 Author(s).Item Comparison and Feasibility Study of Hexanol/Diesel/Pongamia Biodiesel Blend on Engine Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine(SAE International, 2024) Santhosh, S.; Shahapur, S.; Kumar, G.N.; Ravikumar, K.N.; Raghavendra Reddy, N.V.In this work, the impact of hexanol/diesel/biodiesel blend on engine characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine was studied. Biodiesel is more viscous in nature and higher cetane count, hexanol has a lower viscosity and cetane count. The drawbacks of both biodiesel and hexanol can be overcome by blending both hexanol and biodiesel with diesel fuel in the right proportion. Tests were carried out using a 4-stroke CRDI engine with two cylinders. Biodiesel and 1-hexanol were blended in a ratio of 10% each by volume with diesel and compared with B10D90 and B20D80 blends. It was noted that the addition of hexanol enhances the combustion characteristics of the engine. At 20% load H10B10D80 showed71.34 bar which is highest compared to other fuels in the test. The blends had a positive effect on emissions, there was drastic reduction in NOx was noticed, also HC and CO emission was lower than diesel emissions. The lowest CO, and HC emission is obtained for H10B10D80, which is 66%, 92% lower at 60% load compared to baseline readings. However, the blend had a slight negative effect on performance in contrast to diesel. The higher latent heat of vaporization of hexanol led to low temperature combustion contributing to the lowest NOx emissions. The combination of both hexanol and Pongamia biodiesel with diesel showed an effective reduction in greenhouse gases. Which will also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The lower carbon content of 1-hexanol contributes towards carbon neutrality. Overall, the hexanol and biodiesel are sustainable alternatives to the diesel fuel. © 2024 SAE International. All rights reserved.