Conference Papers
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Item Ethereum Blockchain Enabled Secure and Transparent E-Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Rao, V.; Singh, A.; Rudra, B.The blockchain’s revolutionary concept is the underlying technology behind the popular examples such as Bitcoin and it now relies on the Web and online services. Nowadays, blockchain is famous for its use in cryptocurrencies, but many fintech activities and routine processes that were done offline can be done using blockchain. Smart contracts are abstract pieces of codes that need to be inserted into the network and enforced as planned in every phase of upgrading blockchains. With the population growing so fast across the globe, e-voting is an emerging online service-related issue. The smart contracts of blockchain enable to have a easy, safe, cheap, secure and transparent e-voting due to which blockchain is one of the top solutions for e-voting. Even in the many blockchains available in the world, Ethereum is one of the most consistent available blockchain and has widespread use because of which it is suitable for e-voting. An e-voting system must ensure that it is secure, as it should not allow duplicated votes and it should be able to protect attendants’ privacy being fully transparent too. In this paper, Ethereum wallets and Solidity language for smart contracts were used to make a sample small scale e-voting application. The blockchain was tested on local blockchain using ganache and ropsten test network. The Ethereum blockchain keeps the records of ballots and votes after an election is held. Users can use Ethereum wallets to directly submit theirs vote and those votes are handled with the consensus of each Ethereum node. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Land Registry Systems(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Sah, C.K.; Chandavarkar, B.R.The adoption of blockchain technology in land registry systems has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to increase efficiency, transparency, and security. This paper provides an overview of the current state of land registry systems and the challenges they face, in-cluding issues related to fraud, corruption, and a lack of trust. Then it discusses how blockchain technology can address these challenges by providing a decentralized, tamper-proof, and transparent platform for recording land transactions. The paper also examines some of the existing blockchain-based land registry systems and their features, using approaches and methodologies, including the use of smart contracts and digital signatures. Finally, the paper discusses the potential benefits and limitations of adopting blockchain technology in land registry systems and provides recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders interested in implementing these systems. © 2023 IEEE.Item AuthBlock: Authentication Framework Using Ethereum Blockchain(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Kamble, S.; Chandavarkar, B.R.When employing authentication mechanisms to store user credentials, a subtle point to note is that they are easily vulnerable to cyber attacks like sharing of user data without their consent, password stealing on a large scale, etc. By decentralizing ownership of credentials and providing a framework for confirming one’s record in an unalterable chain of data, i.e., Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in general and blockchain can provide a solution. Blockchain technology can help reduce the risk of attacks and user data leaks through backdoors by establishing a secure platform for online service providers to authenticate users without a single point of failure. Blockchain is being utilized increasingly for trusted, decentralized, secure registration, authentication, and valuation of digital assets (assets, real estate, etc.) and transactions, governing interactions, recording data, and managing identity among numerous parties. Smart contracts are used to do transactions on the blockchain. This work aims to analyze the shortcomings of traditional authentication systems and hence provide a blockchain-based authentication solution to address them. In this paper, we suggest AuthBlock, a robust, lightweight, and secure blockchain-based authentication system. It can be used by multiple parties as an authentication framework in parallel without any interference. The proposed approach leverages the Ethereum blockchain along with its provision of smart contracts. The proposed method is tested on the Ethereum localnet created using Go Ethereum (Geth) and evaluated to analyze user authentication, verification, and cost. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item BlockFIR: Blockchain based First Information Report System(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Kamble, S.; Chandavarkar, B.R.India is experiencing a sharp rise in criminal activity. This is a serious problem, as many of these crimes go unreported. Although there is an online platform for the police to store First Information Reports (FIR) and Non-Cognizable Reports (NCR), most FIRs are still written by hand. This is inefficient and can lead to errors. Additionally, the complainant must typically be at the police station to report a cognizable offense. This can be inconvenient and time-consuming, especially for victims who live in rural areas. In 2009, the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) were launched as an efficient e-governance system. This system has helped to improve the reporting of crimes, but it is still a centralized system. This means that it is vulnerable to cyberattacks and can be easily shut down by a single point of failure. Therefore, a fully decentralized system is required to ensure no single point of failure and that complaints are handled safely and securely to prevent unauthorized access. This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution called BlockFIR to manage complaints against cognizable and non-cognizable offenses. Using this system, complaints can be registered by users. The police stations will be able to see complaints registered in their jurisdiction, register FIRs/NCRs accordingly, and take action on them. Through a prototype implementation using Go-Ethereum (Geth), smart contracts, and Django web server, we demonstrate the practical use of BlockFIR. We show that our system can be easily used by users, police personnel, and Higher Authorities to improve the current systems in India. © 2023 IEEE.