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Item Towards a Secure Electronic Health Record System using Blockchain Technology(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Bhattacharyya, S.; Chandrasekaran, K.Blockchain has emerged as a key technology for ensuring reliability and security in several application areas primarily including the healthcare sector. Blockchain is a distributed ledger where blocks of transactions are connected in a chain using the cryptographic hash function of the previous block, making it an append-only structure. Any modification on any of the blocks will generate different hash values in other blocks in a cascading manner and different link relations. In this way the blockchain achieves immutability and security. Blockchain also involves consensus mechanisms in order to ensure synchronization among blocks and agreement between existing nodes to add a new transaction in the chain. Healthcare data is highly sensitive in nature, which consists of private information related to the diagnosis and treatment of patients. In traditional approach these data are stored by each hospital separately where sharing data is very time consuming. Also, health data is very limited to access due to the risk of disclosure of sensitive information. In order to address these issues, the objective of this paper is to integrate blockchain technology with healthcare records/data in order to provide better sharing of data without the fear of data tampering or security breach. © 2021 IEEE.Item Scalable blockchain solution for targeted public distribution system (TPDS) in India(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Raghunandan, A.; Priyadarsini, A.; Vaibhav, G.; Manjappa, M.The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in India is essential to supply food grains produced by farmers to the beneficiaries. It provides affordable food grains to the deprived families of India. However, the current TPDS system is plagued by various issues, leakage being the primary one. This work aims to use blockchain technology, one of the cutting edge technologies, to overcome the issue of leakage and make the TPDS a digital, secure, transparent and scalable system. Blockchain provides transparency such that any user can access the system to get an understanding of the quantity of food grains being processed at each stage of the TPDS workflow. The system requires minimal human intervention and would be deployed across all states. This ensures a unified workflow for TPDS across all states and gives a more holistic understanding of how TPDS benefits the deprived families in India. To make the blockchain system scalable, the blockchain network is divided into 'shards', which are independent chains containing their own data separate from others. The proposed TPDS blockchain system was implemented in Hyperledger Fabric and was tested for different use cases. The authors found that the proposed blockchain architecture is responding well to all the use cases considered. © 2021 IEEE.