Conference Papers
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Item Performance and emission studies on the effect of injection timing and diesel replacement on a 4-S LPG-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine(SAE International, 2003) Sudhir, C.V.; Desai, V.; Kumar, S.Y.; Mohanan, P.Reducing the emissions and fuel consumption are no longer future goals; instead they are the demands of the day. People are concerned about rising fuel costs and effects of emissions on the environment. Diesel engines are the major contributors to the increased levels of pollutants. In the present work an attempt is made for effective utilization of diesel engine with reduced fuel consumption, smoke density and NOx emissions. This is achieved by some minor modifications in diesel engine so as to run it as LPG-Diesel Dual-fuel engine with LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) (70% Butane + 30% Propane) induction at air intake. The important aspect of LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine is that, it shows significant reduction in smoke density, NOx emission and improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced energy consumption. An existing 4-S, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct injection, C.I. engine test rig was used for the experimental purpose. With proper instrumentation the tests were conducted under various LPG flow rates, loads, and injection timings. The influence of the diesel replacement by LPG on smoke density, brake specific energy consumption and brake thermal efficiency was studied. The optimal diesel replacement pertaining to the maximum allowable LPG flow limits could be assessed with these experiments. The influence of the injection timing variation on the engine performance and smoke density was analyzed form the experimental results. It was observed that beyond half load operation of the dual-fuel engine, thermal efficiency increased with diesel replacement, and at full load up to 4% improvement was observed compared to full diesel operation. There was drastic reduction in NOx emissions (up to40- 60 %) for the entire load range, except near full load where NOx increased (by38%) beyond full diesel value at normal injection timing. At full load reduction in smoke density up to 40% to 60% was observed compared to full diesel operation. At advance injection timing of 30°btdc the performance of the dual fuel engine was better with lower smoke density, while the NOx emission was found to be higher. Copyright © 2003 SAE International.Item Studies on influence of injection timing and diesel replacement on LPG-diesel dual-fuel engine(2003) Sudhir, C.V.; Desai, V.; Suresh Kumar, Y.; Mohanan, P.Reducing the emissions and fuel consumption for IC engines are no longer the future goals; instead they are the demands of today. People are concerned about rising fuel costs and effects of emissions on the environment. The major contributor for the increased levels of pollutants is the Diesel engines. Diesel engine finds application in almost in all fields, including transportation sector such as buses, trucks, railway engines, etc. and in industries as power generating units. In the present work an attempt is made for effective utilization of diesel engine aiming for reduction in fuel consumption and smoke density. This is achieved by some minor modifications in diesel engine, so as to run the existing diesel engine as a LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine with LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) induction at air intake. The important aspect of LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine is that it shows significant reduction in smoke density and improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced energy consumption. An existing 4-S, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct injection, CI engine test rig was used for the experimental purpose. With proper instrumentation the tests were conducted under various LPG flow rates, loads, and injection timings. The influence of the diesel replacement by LPG on smoke density, brake specific energy consumption and brake thermal efficiency were studied. The optimal diesel replacement pertaining to the maximum allowable LPG gas flow limits could be assessed with these experiments. The influence of the injection timing variation on the engine performance and smoke density were analyzed form the experimental results. It was also observed that beyond half load operation of the dual-fuel engine, the brake thermal efficiency increases with diesel replacement, and at full load up to 4% improvement was observed compared to full diesel operation. At full load reduction in smoke density up to 25-36% was observed compared to full diesel operation. At advance injection timing of 30°btdc the performance was better with lower emissions compared to normal and retarded injection timings. Copyright © 2003 by ASME.Item Studies on influence of injection timing and Diesel replacement on LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine(2003) Sudhir, C.V.; Desai, V.; Suresh Kumar, Y.; Mohanan, P.Reducing the emissions and fuel consumption for IC engines are no longer the future goals; instead they are the demands of today. People are concerned about rising fuel costs and effects of emissions on the environment. The major contributor for the increased levels of pollutants is the Diesel engines. Diesel engine finds application in almost in all fields, including transportation sector such as buses, trucks, railway engines, etc. and in industries as power generating units. In the present work an attempt is made for effective utilization of diesel engine aiming for reduction in fuel consumption and smoke density. This is achieved by some minor modifications in diesel engine, so as to run the existing diesel engine as a LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine with LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) induction at air intake. The important aspect of LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine is that it shows significant reduction in smoke density and improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced energy consumption. An existing 4-S, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct injection, CI engine test rig was used for the experimental purpose. With proper instrumentation the tests were conducted under various LPG flow rates, loads, and injection timings. The influence of the diesel replacement by LPG on smoke density, brake specific energy consumption and brake thermal efficiency were studied. The optimal diesel replacement pertaining to the maximum allowable LPG gas flow limits could be assessed with these experiments. The influence of the injection timing variation on the engine performance and smoke density were analyzed form the experimental results. It was also observed that beyond half load operation of the dual-fuel engine, the brake thermal efficiency increases with diesel replacement, and at full load up to 4% improvement was observed compared to full diesel operation. At full load reduction in smoke density up to 25-36% was observed compared to full diesel operation. At advance injection timing of 30°btdc the performance was better with lower emissions compared to normal and retarded injection timings.Item EFFECT of INJECTION PRESSURE and INJECTION TIMING on A SEMI-ADIABATIC CI ENGINE FUELED with BLENDS of JATROPHA OIL METHYL ESTERS(SAE International, 2008) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Mohanan, P.; Sudhir, C.V.A naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder CI engine was modified to run as semi-adiabatic CI engine. The effect of different injection pressure and injection timing of a standard and semi-adiabatic engine on the combustion performance and emission characteristics of jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and its volume blends with diesel is presented in this paper. Performance of the CI engine was evaluated in terms of brake specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust gas composition. Five different volume blends of JOME viz. B5, B10, B15, B20 and B25 was used for the combustion studies at various injection pressures viz. 180, 200, 220 and 240 bar and also at different injection timings i.e. 22°,27° and 32° btdc. This experimental study focused on deriving an optimal injection timing and pressure for the satisfactory operation of JOME blends in a semi-adiabatic engine. The study revealed that acceptable brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and emission characteristics of the engine were obtained up to B25 of JOME. At injector opening pressure of 220bar, B20 blend fuel showed better combustion performance and lower exhaust emissions compared to other blends and diesel fuel. At this combination the specific energy consumption were 11.67 MJ/kW-hr and brake thermal efficiency were 30.87% for a semi-adiabatic engine, while the same for standard engine (Non Coated), was found to be 12.60 MJ/kW-hr and 28.67% respectively. At full load, with injection timing of 32° btdc and with B20 JOME blend fuel showed the specific energy consumption of 11.52 MJ/kW-hr and thermal efficiency of 31.72% for semi-adiabatic engine, while for standard engine same was found to be 12.21 MJ/kW-hr and 29.28% respectively. This infers that the semi-adiabatic engine showed better combustion than the standard engine. © 2008 SAE International.Item Effect of bio-diesel (B20) on performance and emissions of optimum injector opening pressure operating at different injection timings of a semi-adiabatic engine(Combustion Institute, 2009) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.This study was carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of jatropha methyl ester oil and its blend B20 with mineral diesel on a single-cylinder four-stroke direct injection water cooled diesel engine operated at optimum IOP 220bar at different injection timing of standard and semi-adiabatic engine. The results of comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, smoke and NOx have been presented and discussed on both the types of engines. The engine performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions of B20 blend fuel operation was observed and compared with jatropha methyl ester oil and mineral diesel fuel of 20o bTDC, 23o bTDC and 26o bTDC of standard and semi-adiabatic engine. © 2009 Combustion Institute. All rights reserved.Item COMBUSTION and EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS of DIESEL, B100 and B20 FUEL on A THERMAL BARRIER COATING on PISTON CROWN in DIRECT INJECTION C.I. ENGINE at OPTIMUM IOP and IT(SAE International, 2009) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Mohanan, P.; Sudhir, C.V.The objective of this study is to investigate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Jatropha biodiesel and its blend fueled in standard CI engine (without coating piston crown) and thermal barrier coating (with coating of piston crown) CI engine at optimum injector opening pressure (IOP) and injection timing (IT). Tests were performed on a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled, CI engine whose piston crown were coated with a 300μm thickness of zirconium oxide over a 150μm thickness of nickel chromium and aluminum oxide bond coat at optimum IOP and IT (220 bar and 26° btdc). The working conditions for the standard and thermal barrier coating of piston crown CI engine were kept exactly the same to ensure a realistic comparison between the two configurations of the engine. During this investigation, both the engine was fueled with the diesel fuel, biodiesel and its blend of biodiesel and neat diesel fuel in proportions of 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel which are generally called of B20 fuel. In this work various performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, combustion characteristics such as peak cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate, ignition delay and emission parameter such as UBHC, smoke opacity and NOx under varying load conditions are studied and recorded. The test results indicate that performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the B20 fueled with thermal barrier coating CI engine for all load range has improved. At full load at B20 fuel, emissions such as UBHC and smoke opacity were observed to be lower compared to the standard CI engine. The thermal efficiency and specific energy consumption of B20 fueled at full load conditions of thermal barrier coating CI engine has increased approximately by 1.96% and decreased approximately by 4.2% respectively when compared to standard CI engine. © Copyright 2009 SAE International.