Conference Papers
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Item A Review of mm-Wave Power Amplifiers for Next-Generation 5G Communication(Springer, 2020) Gorre, P.; Vignesh, R.; Arya, R.; Kumar, S.In this paper, a review study of millimeter wave-based power amplifiers for 5G communication is presented. This literature mainly focuses on major component of the RF transceiver IC, i.e., power amplifier (PA). The upcoming 5G communication envisioned broadband modulation, high speed data rate, and new integration technologies which could overcome key challenges in the design of mobile devices and communication buildings. The power amplifiers in the 5G base station require high output powers (ranging from 2 to 10 W), high efficiency (up to 95%), and high gain (up to 40 dB). The basic building blocks, device technologies, architecture of RF power amplifiers, and parametric performances will be considered in this review. This study reviewed all device technologies (especially IV and III-V semiconductor technologies) for power amplifiers and found that a gallium nitride (GaN)-based PA is the best candidate to provide high output power, high efficiency, and high back-off power. In addition, various architectures of PAs have been reported while doherty power amplifier is one of best candidate for 5G base station. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Attacks on Android-Based Smartphones and Impact of Vendor Customization on Android OS Security(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Kumar, S.; Kittur, L.J.; Pais, A.R.Smartphones are ubiquitous today, and they contain a large amount of personal and sensitive information. It is, therefore, essential to secure the underlying operating system. Android is the dominant operating system among the smartphone market; therefore, it is critical to uphold the security standards of Android. Android smartphone manufacturers and third-party custom ROM developers modify the operating system heavily to differentiate themselves among the competitors. The modifications done by the Smartphone manufacturers and third-party custom ROM developers posses a threat to the smartphone user’s privacy and make the Android OS vulnerable to advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks. This paper demonstrates that Smartphone manufacturers and third-party custom ROM developers can bypass Android’s security mechanisms and breach the user’s privacy without getting detected by the user by modifying parts of Android OS except for the kernel. In particular, this paper shows methods by which APT attacks can be performed on the Android 10’s Camera subsystem to capture pictures from the camera and upload them to a remote server without the user’s knowledge. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Dual-Band Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for Wireless Neural Monitoring Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Gopavajhula, S.; Kumar, S.; Narasimhadhan, A.V.This paper proposes a dual-band Antipodal Vivaldi antenna for wireless neural monitoring system. Most of the work in the literature uses active implant systems operating in single frequency band of operation. The proposed antenna utilizes a passive Antipodal Vivaldi shaped structure that achieves a dual band of operation. The proposed wireless neural monitoring system employs a microwave back-scattering method and eliminates the need for additional power sources. The Antipodal shaped antenna with optimized design provides two different bands with transmission at 4.4 GHz and reception at 2.2 GHz. Measured and simulated return loss results of the antenna shows a good agreement with each other. In addition, proposed antenna achieves the gains of 3.05 dB and 1.39 dB at dual-band while radiation pattern of the antenna is found more directive by achieving a 16 dB difference between co-polarization and cross-polarization. © 2020 IEEE.Item Essential Requirements of IoT’s Cryptographic Algorithms: Case Study(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Kumar, S.; Lone, Z.A.; Chandavarkar, B.R.Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasing rapidly in today’s world, but the security of devices remains a major concern due to the unavailability of the memory and processing power in these devices, which is because of their smaller size. The trade-off lies between security and performance, i.e. if security is increased, which will come with high complexity and hence would deter the performance. On the other hand, if performance has to be increased, it would come with a cost in terms of security. Also, IoT devices can be used as bots as they are globally accessible without much of a security. The most secure cryptographic algorithms use a lot of resources, and in case of IoT, resources are not available on that scale, so there is a need to design a secure algorithm (lightweight cryptography) that would use less resources and hence won’t affect the performance either. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Performance of X-Band CMOS LNA with Broadband Approach for 5G Wireless Networks(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Pottem, S.K.; Kabade, R.D.; Nikith, T.N.; Mondal, S.; Kumar, S.This paper presents a CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) for X-band range of communication for 5G wireless networks. The proposed LNA consists of three stages of casade–cascode CS topology. A Chebyshev filter T-network stage is employed for broadband input impedance matching while cascode–cascade stage is followed for a higher gain. The current mirror topology is used to provide bias current and active load to the LNA. The LNA is designed and simulated using 180 nm UMC Taiwan process in cadence platform. The proposed schematic simulation achieved a gain higher than 15 dB for the range of 8 GHz to 12 GHz (X-Band) and a minimum noise figure (NF) of 4.2 dB at 12 GHz. The proposed differential LNA operates under 2 V power supply and layout using metal–insulator–metal layers. The design and layout are verified using DRC and LVS rules. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A 73% PAE, Highly Gain Inverse Class-F Power Amplifier for S-Band Applications(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Naik, J.D.; Gorre, P.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.This paper proposes a continuous-mode inverse Class F power amplifier (PA) achieving wide bandwidth, high output power, and high efficiency. This work includes transmission line-based output/input matching networks and single-ended topology. The main focus of the work is to achieve a high gain with wide bandwidth. The proposed structure incorporates a termination of even and odd harmonics to deliver voltage and current waveform isolation with minimal matching network (MN) design complexities. The analyses simulated in Keysight Technologies Advanced Design System (ADS), which results in a wideband PA design. The results are quantified by using high power-added efficiency (PAE) and output power. PAE of 72.6% and output power more than 41 dBm obtained over wide bandwidth 2–4.2 GHz at −3 dB gain compression. The proposed PA could overcome the traditional performance and utilize for green communication. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Delivery lead time competition between e-tailers: A game-theoretic study(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Raju, S.; Rofin, T.M.; Kumar, S.In the study, we analyse the impact of delivery time on the pricing, sales volume and profitability of a dual-channel supply chain consisting of manufacturer, retailer and e-tailer. We used the Stackelberg game to model the game between upstream and downstream channel partners and the horizontal Nash game to model the interaction between the e-tailers. Later we solved some numerical examples to develop the corollaries. It was found that the optimal price, sales volume and optimal profit significantly decreased when the delivery time was high and using game theory, we quantify the decrease. It was also observed that by regulating the customer preference towards the channel, this decrease can be controlled. © 2021 IEEE.Item Security of Data with Enhanced Technique of DiDrip Protocol for Distributed Systems in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Begum, S.; Gadagkar, A.V.; Kumar, S.; Koli, M.Mobile Wireless Sensor Network do not have any protocols, hence the protocols from MANET are chosen for MWSN. Data discovery and dissemination is to disseminate small configuration parameters, variables, queries, and commands in packets. The data gathered by the sensors should be transmitted to the base station or to any destination that requires data.Existing systems are based on the centralized approach; where in it does not hold good for multiple owner-multiple users. These protocols have certain security issues due to which adversaries can easily hack the systems and can cause failure to the network. Many works have been proposed for the data dissemination but none of them could provide security for the network.The work presented in this paper proposes the first reliable and secure protocol called DiDrip, that enables an effective data discovery and dissemination in a distributed system. The proposed protocol is robust and efficient. It allows multiple users (intermediate nodes) to get registered with network administrator and grants special privileges to the users so that users can directly disseminate data into the sensor nodes. © 2021 IEEE.Item High Efficiency Broadband Mixed Mode Power Amplifier for Patient Monitoring(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Surve, V.; Kumar, S.; Gorre, P.In this paper, the wideband operation of mixed mode Class F power amplifier has been presented for biomedical application in patient monitoring. The proposed work involves a reactance compensation technique, which provides a 10 W output power for a frequency range of 0.3-2.4 GHz while achieving efficiency of 66.81-76.82% over 155.55% fractional bandwidth. The large signal gain ranging from 11~13 dB and output power greater than 40 dBm. The PAE ranges from 55 to 72%. Layout of proposed circuit is generated using Modelithics components to verify the circuit implementation. © 2021 IEEE.Item DDOS prevention in IoT(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Kumar, S.; Chandavarkar, B.R.Connecting anything to the Internet is one of the main objectives of the Internet of Things (IoT). It enabled to access any device from anywhere at any time without any human intervention. There are endless applications of IoT involving controlling home applications to industry. This rapid growth of this technology and innovations of its application results due to improved technology of developing these tiny devices with its back-end software. On the other side, internal resources such as memory, processing power, battery life are the significant constraints of these devices. Introducing lightweight cryptography helped secure data transmission across various devices while protecting these devices from getting attacked for DDoS attack is still a significant concern. This paper primarily focuses on elaborating on DDoS attack and the malware used to initiate a DDoS attack on IoT devices. Further, this paper mainly focuses on providing solutions that would help to prevent DDoS attack from IoT network. © 2021 IEEE.