Conference Papers
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Item Strength Tests and Model Experiments on Soil Reinforced with Areca and PVA Fibers(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Kolathayar, S.; Prasannan, S.; Sharma, A.K.Uncertainties in geotechnical engineering are unavoidable. The soil properties may distribute within a significant range over a domain. The soil is often very weak in tension and has less stability under heavy loading. This paper presents stabilization of soil with bottom ash reinforcement of soil with natural or synthetic fibers. Several reinforcing materials are available in the market, but they are costly and not easily accessible. Bottom ash (BA) was used as a stabilizing agent, and areca fiber was used for reinforcement, in this study. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is a synthetic fiber, was also used to compare the performance of areca fiber. As compared to fly ash, the use of bottom ash is minimal all over the world. This study determines the strength of the soil stabilized with bottom ash and fibers at different proportions. The percentage of bottom ash was varied from 0 to 40%; fiber proportion was varied from 0 to 2%. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Experimental Studies on the Suitability of Coconut Shell as a Filler Material in Concrete Cubes(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Gadekari, R.S.; Kolathayar, S.; Chitrachedu, R.K.Globally, the consumption of concrete is raising high. The production of cement raises the carbon footprint and causes depletion of non-renewable resources. Researchers are formulating new technologies to save the resources, energy for the next generations, to reduce disposal problems and to make the product or structure economical. For this purpose, recycled waste and treated natural materials, etc., are used as a substitute for cement, aggregates, or reinforcement. This paper presents studies conducted to analyze the performance of a coconut shell as a filler. The material used in the present study was naturally available, cost-free, and non-toxic material. The strength performance of different concrete cube specimens with coconut shells in their different orientations was assessed by conducting compressive strength tests. From the results, the effective position and orientation of the shell in the concrete cube were found out. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A Sustainable Approach to Turn Plastic Waste into Useful Construction Blocks(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Monish, K.; Jesuran, J.J.; Kolathayar, S.The world economy is surging and newer technologies are evolving with the time. The construction sector is about to undergo a huge transformational change. The people of the world are looking forward to residing in houses made of sustainable materials. The people are concerned about increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The cement production is accompanied by huge greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, waste plastics are becoming a nightmare for the people residing in developed and underdeveloped countries, as the waste management becomes difficult in those places. This research discusses a potential solution to address the above-stated issues of concern, i.e., plastic waste into construction blocks with lower cost and rapid construction phases. A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of using LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene), (major sources of waste and least recycled plastic) with waste materials like bottom ash, copper slag, and ceramic in different proportions to create blocks. This study compares the mechanical properties of different mix proportions of raw materials to find an optimum composition. This paper also investigates the pre-eminence of the newly developed composite block over the conventional brick in terms of economic viability, environmental sustainability, and construction superiority. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Development of Region-Specific New Generation Attenuation Relations for North India Using Artificial Neural Networks(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Huang, H.; Ramkrishnan, R.; Kolathayar, S.; Garg, A.; Yadav, J.S.Present study focuses on developing region-specific New Generation Ground Motion Prediction Models using Artificial intelligence technique for North India purely based on a measured ground motion data from specific region. Simple single hidden layered feed forward multilayer perceptron networks with back-propagation learning algorithm are used. A total of 280 data points of recorded strong motion data from the Kangra and Uttar Pradesh (UP) arrays, made available by the Program for Excellence in Strong Motion Studies (PESMOS), were used to train these networks. The first model predicts Moment Magnitude for a given Hypocentral Distance and Peak Ground Acceleration. The second model predicts Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for a given Hypocentral Distance (HPD) and Moment Magnitude (MM). Performance analysis, Uncertainty analysis and analysis of interactive effects have been done to test the reliability of the generated models. Optimization analysis was also performed to predict possible inputs of the models for a given set of outputs. Models have performed reasonably well for the given amount of non-linearity in the data. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A Study on Trenching Techniques for Vibration Isolation: An Overview(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Bariker, P.; Kolathayar, S.This paper presents a detailed review of past research studies on trenching techniques for vibration isolation. With rapid urbanization and fast-growing infrastructures in developing countries like India, it is very likely for many structures subject to vibrations from earthquakes, traffic movements, or machine vibrations. Though the trench technique for vibration screening is an established technique, there has been a lot of advancements in vibration screening in recent years. This paper presents an overview of the developments in trenching techniques for vibration screening from its inception to the latest advancements. The studies have been categorized into laboratory element/model tests, field tests, and numerical analyses. The review of studies highlights that the open trenches perform better isolation for shallow depths whereas the infilled trenches perform better than open trenches when the normalized depth of trench is deeper. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Seismic Hazard Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Site in Jaitapur: Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kolathayar, S.; Sitharam, T.G.This paper presents the seismic hazard analysis of Jaitapur region on the west coast of India, where a nuclear power plant is being planned to locate. A homogenized earthquake catalog in unified moment magnitude scale for the region has been prepared compiling updated data from different agencies. The seismicity parameters were estimated for Jaitapur region, and the hazard evaluation has been performed using different methodologies with different source models and attenuation relations. The deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses were performed with currently available data and their best possible scientific interpretation by considering alternative models (source models, maximum magnitude, and attenuation relationships). The hazard maps have been produced for horizontal ground motion on the bedrock level using both deterministic and probabilistic methods. The value of Peak Horizontal Acceleration (PHA) for the study region estimated probabilistically for 475 year return period varies from 0.05 to 0.2 g, whereas with deterministic approach, PHA reaches value as high as 0.3 g. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Site Characterization Using Satellite Data and Estimation of Seismic Hazard at Ground Surface(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) James, N.; Kolathayar, S.; Sitharam, T.G.This paper presents the seismic site characterization carried out for Karnataka (state level) as well as for India (country level) using topographic slope map derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. Two DEM data, SRTM, and ASTER were used to derive the slope maps. For Karnataka (state level), the slope map was generated from ASTER DEM considering a grid size of 5 × 5 km and for India (country level), the slope map was generated from SRTM DEM considering the grid size of 10 × 10 km. Based on the slope value, every grid point was characterized into various NEHRP site classes, and spatial variation of average shear wave velocity for top 30 m (Vs30) value throughout the study areas is presented in this paper. Peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) at bedrock level was evaluated for the same grid points using deterministic as well as probabilistic methodologies. The amplification factor for every grid point was obtained from the site coefficients corresponding to NEHRP site class. The surface level peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) was then evaluated for every grid point by multiplying bedrock level PHA with the corresponding amplification factor. Spatial variation of seismic hazard at the surface for the state of Karnataka as well as for entire India is presented in this paper. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis of Chittagong City and District, Bangladesh(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2021) Sengupta, S.; Kolathayar, S.Chittagong District is one of the most significant and flourishing coastal regions in the southeastern part of Bangladesh. It lies in the active tectonic framework which has experienced several major earthquakes in the past. Due to its economic, cultural, and military significance, it is of utmost importance that the structures are safe from seismic hazards. Seismicity database of Mw≥3 from 1900 to 2020 has been used to provide extensive insight into historical earthquakes and also facilitate accurate predictions. The seismic sources have been adopted from the seismotectonic Atlas of India and adjoining regions with a control region of radius 500 km from the political boundary of Chittagong District. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values were computed at the bedrock level, surface level PGA was calculated using the NEHRP soil amplification relations for Chittagong City, and corresponding response spectrum was plotted. Using these PGA values, hazard contours for the Chittagong City and District have been developed for the ease of seismic design of structures in the future. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). All rights reserved.Item Model Footing Tests on Sand Bed to Evaluate Efficiency of Tire Crumb as Infill Materials in Geocells(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kolathayar, S.; Chitrachedu, R.K.This paper presents the results of model footing tests on sand bed reinforced with HDPE and coir geocells. The infill material influences the performance of geocells. The potential of sand tire crumb (STC) mixture as infill material is evaluated in the study in comparison with pure sand as infill materials. To select the appropriate blend of sand and tire crumb, the shear properties and density properties were analyzed by performing direct shear and density tests. The mix which has shown the highest shear strength and density properties has been selected, and plate load tests were carried to analyze the mechanism and effectiveness of tire crumb as infill material in geocell pockets. From the results, it is clear that the sand tire crumb mix is effective as infill materials, especially for coir geocells. The surface heave was found to reduce significantly with sand tire crumb mix as infill material. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Appraisal of Innovative Finned-Pile Foundations to Resist Lateral Loads(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Bariker, P.; Kolathayar, S.Multistoried buildings are subjected to a significant amount of lateral forces due to winds and earthquakes in onshore structures and forces due to water currents and heavy winds in offshore structures. Foundations supporting such structures as offshore wind turbines should resist extensive lateral forces and pullout forces. To sustain these loads, innovative types of pile foundations need to have experimented with in place of regular pile foundations for more economic and efficient performance. In this paper, an attempt is made to demonstrate the efficiency of adopting finned-piles concerning previous literature studies. This work highlights some of the experimental investigations, model studies, and numerical studies (FEM, FDM) adopted to find the usefulness of finned-piles in resisting the lateral loads. Some of the key-points of adopting such foundations are discussed. Finally, future untapped avenues explored on finned piles are also brought out in the paper. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.