Conference Papers
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Item Effect of stiffness on performance of diaphragm wall(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Yajnheswaran, B.; R, A.P.; C, C.; Rao, S.Diaphragm walls are generally constructed using stiff concrete of same stiffness throughout. Research has shown that as wall flexibility increases, the stress imposed by the soil redistribute and reduces structural forces on wall. Approximately five fold reduction in maximum bending moment occurred when wall stiffness was reduced from that of a 1m concrete section to that of a Frodinghamn1N sheet pile. Unfortunately this beneficial effect is accompanied by greater wall and soil movements (Potts & Day, 1991). So the diaphragm wall cannot be too flexible also. In this paper static analysis of two different diaphragm wall sections of varying stiffness is carried out using PLAXIS software for the load condition existing at deep draft berth of New Mangalore Port, and the performances of these sections are compared with previous study performed by Yajnheswaran et al. (2015). The diaphragm wall sections used in analysis are modeled as single panel. The length of the panel is taken as 5m. Anchors are provided at +2.5m. Soil layer details are obtained from boreholes at NMPT. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Item Critical study on performance of building assessment tools with respect to Indian context(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Thanu, H.P.; C, C.Construction sector is one of the largest end users of environmental resources and is one of the largest polluters of manmade and natural environments around the globe. Economic development, climate change due to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, energy security and energy access are the primary concerns for India. Sustainable development in energy sector has become a concern for all the people in the world. Sustainability means it satisfies the needs of the people without jeopardizing the prospects of the future generation. To minimize these effects, the concept of Green Building has been introduced in the construction industry. To asses these buildings, there are various building assessment tools which have emerged globally. These assessment tools have been developed and used to assist the planning and design of sustainable buildings. The aim is to develop complete environmental consciousness among construction specialists towards sustainable performance and to achieve the objective of sustainability in the construction sector. In this study, the assessment approaches towards environmental, economic and social aspects are discussed. The comparative study and analysis on these building assessment tools i.e. LEED-India, GRIHA and IGBC have been made. It is found that there may be inconsistence in the assessment tools and criteria. However, lack of fully integrated assessment tools has resulted in the lack of a holistic assessment approach for the building life cycle. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Investigations on compatibility of cement-superplasticizer interaction and its influence on mortar workability incorporating copper slag as fine aggregate(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Arpitha, D.; C, C.; Puttaswamy, N.Interaction between cement and water is a complex phenomenon to understand. Sometimes achieving the desired results is quite challenging due to the contrast spotted in the characteristics of cement, type and dosage of superplasticizers (S.P) as the behaviour is insignificant. Influence of different types of cement fineness on pastes with different superplasticizers which represents the compatibility between cement with water reducing admixture in order to obtain well-defined saturation dosage and with the partial replacement of fine aggregates (F.A) by copper slag (C.S) to study the mortar behaviour is focused in this work. A methodology based on fundamental properties of cementitious systems using marsh cone and mini-slump cone tests results to identify the suitable and compatible combinations between cement and superplasticizers for the enhancement of flow behaviour of mortar mixes. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Significance of processing laterite on strength characteristics of laterized concrete(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Basavana Gowda, S.N.; C, C.; Yaragal, S.C.The boom in infrastructure development has resulted in acute shortage of river sand. To address this issue, it is required to find substitutes for river sand for producing concrete. One among the locally available marginal resource is laterite. In this study, an attempt is made to study the performance of cement concrete using laterite as fine aggregate in replacement levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% to natural fine aggregates (river sand). Studies were carried out in two stages, initially river sand is replaced with laterite quarry waste (unprocessed laterite), and then it is replaced with the processed laterite. The workability and compressive strength characteristics of concrete are studied. Results indicate that, the decrease in compressive strength of concrete with increase in replacement levels of river sand by unprocessed laterite was more, compared to concrete with processed laterite. However, there is only 7% reduction in strength for laterized concrete with 100% processed laterite compared to control concrete. Microstructure studies were also conducted to understand the morphology of river sand and laterite particles with the cement matrix using scanning electron microscope. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Topology Optimization of Concrete Dapped Beams Under Multiple Constraints(Springer, 2020) Resmy, V.R.; C, C.Topology optimization is now becoming the effective method for solving various problems related to engineering. Optimization is a mathematical method to find the optimum solution by satisfying all the constraints associated with that problem, while topology optimization is a branch of structural optimization as it finds optimum material layout within the given boundary. This study focuses on the topology optimization of concrete dapped beams with various constraints to ensure the applicability of topology optimization during the design phase of structures. Compliance minimization with three different constraints along with volume constraint has been selected to derive the truss-like pattern for beams. To derive a lightweight structure with stress constraint, volume-based topology optimization has adopted. Strut-and-tie modeling (STM) of concrete members has been identified as a powerful method for modeling discontinuity regions within the structural member. Topology optimization can be used as a supporting method for developing more reliable strut-and-tie models. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.Item Quality assessment of dimensionality reduction techniques on hyperspectral data: A neural network based approach(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020) C, C.; Shetty, A.; Narasimhadhan, A.V.Dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral images plays a vital role in remote sensing data analysis. The rapid advances in hyperspectral remote sensing has brought in a lot of opportunities to researchers to come up with advanced algorithms to analyse such voluminous data to better explore earth surface features. Modern machine learning algorithms can be applied to explore the underlying structure of high dimensional hyperspectral data and reduce the redundant information through feature extraction techniques. Limited studies have been carried out on dimensionality reduction for mineral exploration. The current study mainly focuses on the application of autoencoders for dimensionality reduction and provides a qualitative (visual) analysis of the obtained representations. The performance of autoencoders are investigated on Cuprite scene. Coranking matrix is used as evaluation criteria. From the obtained results it is evident that, deep autoencoders provide better results compared to single layer autoencoders. An increase in the number of hidden layers provides a better embedding. The neighborhood size K ≥ 40 of deep autoencoders provides a better transformation compared to autoencoders which shows an improved embedding only after K ≥ 80. © 2020 International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives.Item Constructive scope on implementation of copper slag as replacement for natural fine aggregate—an overview(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Thilak Kumar, Y.T.; Arpitha, D.; Sudarshan, V.J.; C, C.; Puttaswamy, N.This paper communicates organized work on copper slag drawn from scientific literature which comprises evaluation of physical and chemical characteristics, mechanical and durability properties in the marine environment. Analysis of test data derived from previously available sources reveals that copper slag having similar basic characteristics is an acceptable alternative material to river sand to produce concrete of all grades. The lesser water absorption property of copper slag is very significant peculiarity which attributes to develop high strength in concrete. The behaviour of concrete produced using copper slag to the concrete made corresponding to sand component shows identical behaviour in the fresh and hardened states. As an aggregate, copper slag has an ability to be replaced with fine aggregate, thereby the advance progress in the concrete technology will revolutionize the mixture of different conventional ingredients to uplift the expected properties of concrete to renew its definition. Hence, alternative materials to be used as fine aggregate will reduce the burden on the environment which is being extensively investigated all over the world looking to the significant requirements, quality and properties which have been a global consensus on the materials. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.Item Assessment on performance of steel slag and processed granulated blast furnace slag as an alternative for fine aggregate—an assertive review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Sudarshan, V.J.; Arpitha, D.; Thilak Kumar, Y.T.; C, C.; Puttaswamy, N.Sand has always been an integral part of construction in our civilization. It has been the most easily available and acceptable source for the same. However, the depletion of river sand availability has started looking at the alternatives including some industrial by-products. One of them is slag obtained from manufacture/refining of metals which would help in the utilization of industrial waste and conservation of natural resources to have a sustainable construction. This paper provides the gist of organized overview involving the evaluation of physical and chemical characteristics, assessment of mechanical and durability properties for the effective utilization of steel slag and processed granulated blast furnace slag (PGBS) that could be modelled from previous researches related to the study. The basic properties of steel slag and PGBS exhibit requisite properties like river sand which is an indication for a possible alternative material to the conventional aggregate. The multiple processing of slag has its influence on strength, durability, and workability of concrete. These recent innovations have made the slag economically viable and environmentally friendly, and also profitable salvaging of processed by-product. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.Item Influence of copper slag properties on behaviour of cement mortars and concrete(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Arpitha, D.; C, C.The promotion of green infrastructure as an alternative to traditional concrete, known as grey infrastructure, is not as benign as many people think. In this concern, many alternative materials have been kept in place as a solution for the problems faced by the construction industry. The knowledge of understanding the basic property of a material is significant as the characteristics cannot be directly assumed that it can be compared to FA while mixing concrete. In this work, Copper Slag (CS) is used as a partial replacement for Fine Aggregate (FA), and a major focus is to understand the behaviour of the material based on its particle size, texture shape and surface characteristics as it decides the quality of concrete. Also, the importance of optimizing water/cement ratio (w/c) and dosage of Superplasticizer (SP) is a major consideration in this work which has a great impact on workability and strength parameter as it affects durability performance of concrete. Marsh cone test to decide optimum SP was carried out for PCE-based SP and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). Optimal w/c ratio was decided based on the trials carried out using flow test for mortars, and mortar cubes were prepared and tested for 3, 7 and 28 days compressive test. In order to check the behaviour of CS in concrete, cubes were prepared and subjected to compressive strength for 7, 28 and 90 days based on the ideal water–cement ratio (w/c) and SP obtained from various trials conducted to achieve required workability and strength. Test results revealed that CS mortars and concrete exhibited higher strength than the control mix. The chemical reaction between the cement matrixes, incorporation of CS and SP for optimized w/c and dosage of SP not only enhanced the strength but also provided the required workability though CS has less water absorption capacity. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.Item Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Structural Concrete Under Various Load Cases(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Resmy, V.R.; C, C.Topology optimization has wide applications in the field of engineering as it derives the optimum material layout in a given design space with defined loads and boundary conditions. This article presents the topology optimization of structural concrete with different load cases using a bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method (BESO). BESO method has several advantages over other optimization methods as it removes inefficient elements and adds efficient elements in each iteration. The methodology adopts the compliance minimization with volume constraint by utilizing the capabilities of ABAQUS finite element software. Strut and Tie model (STM) has been identified as an effective method in modeling discontinuity regions in reinforced concrete structures as it can find out the real load transfer mechanism in structures. With the aid of topology optimization, all the uncertainties related to STM can be avoided. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.