Conference Papers
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Item Early diagnosis of osteoporosis using active appearance model and metacarpal radiogrammetry(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Sam, M.; Areeckal, A.S.; Sumam David, S.Osteoporosis is a condition of fragile bone with an increased susceptibility to fracture. Since the gold standard method used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), is expensive and not widely available in low economies, there is a need for low cost approaches to detect bone loss in people. A new automated radiogrammetric method for early diagnosis of osteoporosis from a single hand radiograph is proposed. In this technique, the third metacarpal bone is segmented from hand X-ray images using Active Appearance Models (AAM). Points of interest acquired from the segmented bone are used to take radiogrammetric measurements, from which bone indices are calculated. Data used in this work was acquired from 138 subjects in two hospitals in India. Significant radiogrammetric features were selected using statistical analysis. The bone indices are observed to be significantly correlated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the lumbar spine measured using DXA. Different classification models were trained using the significant features. The results obtained are promising and can be used as a cost effective diagnostic tool for early detection of osteoporosis. © 2017 IEEE.Item Computerized radiogrammetry of third metacarpal using watershed and active appearance model(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Areeckal, A.S.; Sam, M.; Sumam David, S.D.Osteoporosis is a bone disorder, causing loss of bone mass and increased risk of fragility fracture. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed at a low cost using computerized metacarpal radiogrammetry of the third metacarpal bone of hand X-ray images. The most widely used methods for segmentation of hand bones are deformable models such as Active Shape Model (ASM), Active Appearance Model (AAM), etc. that make use of prior information of the shape and appearance of the object. However, due to the presence of other metacarpal bones having similar shape and size in its proximity, segmentation of third metacarpal bone in isolation becomes challenging and the deformable methods could fail. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically locate and segment the third metacarpal bone using marker-controlled watershed segmentation. Radio-grammetric measurements are determined automatically from the shaft of the third metacarpal bone and can be used to derive bone indices for the detection of bone loss due to osteoporosis. The measurements obtained from the proposed method and AAM are compared with ground truth. The results obtained show that the proposed approach is an efficient method for automated radiogrammetry of third metacarpal bone that can be used as a low cost tool for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. © 2018 IEEE.