2. Conference Papers
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/1/7
Browse
20 results
Search Results
Item Performance and emission studies on the effect of injection timing and diesel replacement on a 4-S LPG-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine(2003) Sudhir, C.V.; Desai, V.; Kumar, S.Y.; Mohanan, P.Reducing the emissions and fuel consumption are no longer future goals; instead they are the demands of the day. People are concerned about rising fuel costs and effects of emissions on the environment. Diesel engines are the major contributors to the increased levels of pollutants. In the present work an attempt is made for effective utilization of diesel engine with reduced fuel consumption, smoke density and NOx emissions. This is achieved by some minor modifications in diesel engine so as to run it as LPG-Diesel Dual-fuel engine with LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) (70% Butane + 30% Propane) induction at air intake. The important aspect of LPG-Diesel dual-fuel engine is that, it shows significant reduction in smoke density, NOx emission and improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced energy consumption. An existing 4-S, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct injection, C.I. engine test rig was used for the experimental purpose. With proper instrumentation the tests were conducted under various LPG flow rates, loads, and injection timings. The influence of the diesel replacement by LPG on smoke density, brake specific energy consumption and brake thermal efficiency was studied. The optimal diesel replacement pertaining to the maximum allowable LPG flow limits could be assessed with these experiments. The influence of the injection timing variation on the engine performance and smoke density was analyzed form the experimental results. It was observed that beyond half load operation of the dual-fuel engine, thermal efficiency increased with diesel replacement, and at full load up to 4% improvement was observed compared to full diesel operation. There was drastic reduction in NOx emissions (up to40- 60 %) for the entire load range, except near full load where NOx increased (by38%) beyond full diesel value at normal injection timing. At full load reduction in smoke density up to 40% to 60% was observed compared to full diesel operation. At advance injection timing of 30�btdc the performance of the dual fuel engine was better with lower smoke density, while the NOx emission was found to be higher. Copyright � 2003 SAE International.Item Performance and emission characteristics of LPG-Gasoline dual fuel on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine(2015) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The present research experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of LPG-Gasoline dual fuel on a gasoline engine. The engine setup consists of four stroke, four cylinder, water cooled MPFI engine with eddy current type loading unit. Experiments have been conducted with different LPG-Gasoline ratio (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) by mass and different speeds from 2000 to 4500 rpm in steps of 500 rpm at full load condition. From experimental investigation it is found that with the 50% usage of LPG, increases the brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency when compared to gasoline for speed range of 2000 rpm to 4000 rpm. LPG will have much lower CO and HC emissions when compared to gasoline. This is a positive effect on environment. But for other LPG-gasoline ratio these emissions going to increases when compared to LPG but it is well below when compared to gasoline for all speeds. NOx emission is more for LPG almost 4 times that of gasoline for all speed conditions. For other LPG-gasoline ratio NOx emission is lower.Item Performance and emission studies of a LPG fueled spark ignition engine with steam induction(2013) Shankar, K.S.; Mohanan, P.In this study the combustion and emission characteristics of a conventional naturally aspirated, four-cylinder, multipoint port fuel injection S.I engine modified to run with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) injection along with steam induction are evaluated. Experiments are conducted at wide-open throttle condition and at a speed range of 2000 rpm to 4500 rpm with a static ignition timing of 6-degree bTDC. The steam flow rates of 10 to 25% of LPG flow rates (by mass) are used. The results with LPG and 25% steam induction at wide-open throttle condition and 3500 rpm indicates that the brake thermal efficiency has reduced by 2%, and the peak cylinder pressure has reduced by about 10 bar, with the location of the peak pressure being way from top dead centre when compared to LPG combustion. Oxides of nitrogen emission has reduced significantly with the induction of steam with a reduction of 45% when compared to LPG at 3500 rpm. The carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at the above condition have increased marginally. Thus the induction of steam along with LPG has resulted in notable reduction in the oxides of nitrogen emissions with a slight reduction in engine performance.Item Performance and emission studies of diesel engine using diethyl ether as oxygenated fuel additive(2008) Kapilan, N.; Mohanan, P.; Reddy, R.P.There is currently interest in finding means to improve motor vehicle fuel economy while complying with emissions regulations. Fuel additives have been widely reported to improve engine cleanliness and performance with diesel engines. Diethyl Ether (DEE) has high octane number and compatible with current vehicle technology and fuel infrastructure. Although DEE has long been known as a cold start aid for engines, knowledge about using DEE for other operations, such as significant component of a blend or additive is limited. In this present work, experiments were conducted to study the influence of DEE on the performance and emissions of a 4-S direct injection diesel engine. From the experimental results, it is observed that the addition of DEE to diesel fuel improves the performance of the diesel engine. A slight improvement in the thermal efficiency and reduction in smoke, carbon moNOxide and hydro carbon emissions were observed with B5 Blend (5 % DEE + 95 % Diesel). � 2008 SAE International.Item Optimizing brake specific fuel consumption of low-NOx, emission standard compliant CI engines, by tuning engine parameters(2009) Menon, P.G.; Mohanan, P.Reducing NOx from about 10.7 g/bhp-hr to about 4.5 g/bhp-hr caused a 6% loss in fuel economy in engine designs of the late 1980s and early 1990s [1]. Reasons for this loss in fuel economy are attributed to the loss in peak combustion pressure due to the delayed fuel injection among other technologies used in NOx control that leads to reduced cycle work. To compensate for the loss of work output, more fuel is provided to produce the desired work and leading to increased Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). To optimize BSFC in Automobile Diesel Engines using Low-NOx technologies like fuel injection retard and fuel injection rate shaping, to stay within emission norms, a transient model was developed in Matlab/Simulink to control and optimize the various engine parameters contributing to the production of NOx and to realistically determine an ideal operating point for the functioning of an engine of a given configuration keeping in mind NOx production as well as BSFC. � 2009 Combustion Institute. All rights reserved.Item Experimental investigations on a compressed natural gas operated dual fuel engine(2005) Kapilan, N.; Somayaji, C.; Mohanan, P.; Reddy, R.P.In the present work, an attempt has been made for the effective utilization of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in diesel engine. A four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work on dual fuel mode. The effect of CNG flow rate and Exhaust Gas Recirclulation (EGR) on the performance and emissions of the dual fuel engine was studied. The variables considered for the tests were different CNG flow rates (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 kg/hr), EGR (0%, 4.28%, 6.63 % and 8.12%) and loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100 % of full load). From the test results, it was observed that the EGR rate of 4.28 % results in better brake thermal efficiency and lower CO and NOx emissions than other ERG rates at 25%, 50% and 75% of full loads. At full load, EGR rate of 8.12 % results in higher brake thermal efficiency and lower NOx emissions. Copyright � 2005by ASME.Item Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol - Diesel - Methanol blends(2013) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.In this study, non edible oil namely Cardanol is directly blended with diesel for use in a single cylinder CI engine. Mthanol is added as an additive to improve the volatility, atomization etc. Experiments are carried out with various blends of cardanol namely B20 and B30 with 10% methanol and results are compared with B20. Results have shown that blend of 20% cardanol in diesel with 10% methanol gives higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at all loads compared to the 20% cardanol in diesel and minimum NOx emissions are observed. Smoke opacity and CO emissions are lower for the blend of 20% cardanol in diesel with 10% methanol than B20 at all load conditions. The results reveal that blend of 20% Cardanol - in diesel with 10% volume provide better engine performance (BTE) and improved emission characteristics.Item Experimental analysis of cardanol biofuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines with air-side oxygen enrichment(2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Kumar, D.; Mohanan, P.The present study investigates the effect of air-side oxygen concentration enrichment on the performance and emission of a single cylinder diesel engine using a bio-fuel blend as fuel. In this study, a natural phenolic compound, namely, cardanol is selected as the bio-fuel, which is obtained from the shell of cashew nut after purification. A blend of B10M10 (10% cardanol +10% methanol + 80% diesel by volume) is prepared and tested in the engine at various loading conditions. The experiments are carried out at atmospheric oxygen condition and an increment of 3, 5, and 7% of atmospheric oxygen concentration by weight. There is a drastic reduction in HC, CO, and smoke except for NOx emission. The level of NOx emission increases as the oxygen concentration in the intake air is increased. The performance characteristic will increase as the oxygen concentration increases, and higher brake thermal efficiency is obtained for B10M10 at 7% oxygen concentration. B10M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment gives better results, similar to diesel, except for NOx emission. � (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Item Exergy analysis of a LPG fuelled, MPFI multi-cylinder engine with vaporized water methanol induction(2013) Patil, B.; Kulkarni, A.; Mohanan, P.The influence of vaporized water methanol induction on a MPFI multi-cylinder engine performance and thermal balance has been experimentally investigated. A four stroke, four cylinder MPFI gasoline engine was used with LPG as fuel and vaporized water methanol. For the generation of vaporized water methanol, heat from the exhaust gas has been used. Different percentages of water methanol by mass basis were used with variable engine speed ranging from 2000 to 4500 rpm. The results showed that as the percentage water methanol induction level to the engine increased, there is slight increase in percentage of useful work, while the losses decreased except unaccounted losses. Additionally, the engine brake thermal efficiency increases. The average increase in the brake thermal efficiency for a 20% water methanol with LPG is approximately 1.5% over the use of LPG without water methanol induction.Item Impact of injection timing on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with cardanol blends(2015) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Mohanan, P.The present study investigates the effects of fuel injection timing (IT) on the performance and emission characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder direct injection water cooled diesel engine when fueled with the blend of cardanol bio-fuel blends namely B10M10, B20M10 and B30M10. Tests have been conducted with an engine speed of 1500 rpm, fixed compression ratio 17.5:1, at full load condition and 220 bar injection pressure (IP). The performance and emission characteristics are studied at three different ITs. The fuel IT is varied by retarding 2 deg. and advancing 2 deg. with respect to 27.5 deg. bTDC and the tests are performed at 25.5, 27.5, and 29.5 deg. bTDC ITs. At the advanced IT, BSEC decreased as early start of fuel injection ensures more complete combustion owing to improved reaction between fuel and oxygen. Considerable reduction in CO, HC, and smoke emissions are achieved, while NOx emission showed an increasing trend with 29.5 deg. IT and 220 bar IP. The results of the present investigation of cardanol bio-fuel blends show slight variation in performance, combustion, and emission characteristics between B10M10 and B20M10 compared to B30M10 blend at 29.5 deg. bTDC advanced IT and 220 bar IP.