Book Chapters
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Item Inverse Estimation of Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient During the Solidification of Sn-5wt%Pb Alloy Using Evolutionary Algorithm(Pleiades journals, 2019) Vishweshwara, P.S.; Gnanasekaran, N.; Mahalingam, M.The study of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) is one of the major concerns during solidification of casting. In order to find out the IHTC at the metal–mold interface, a one dimensional transient heat conduction model is numerically investigated during horizontal directional solidification of Sn–5wt%Pb alloy. The forward model is solved using explicit finite difference method to obtain the exact temperatures for the known boundary conditions. The estimation of the unknown IHTC is attempted using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as an inverse approach along with Bayesian framework. In order to prove the robustness of the proposed methodology, the estimation is accomplished for the simulated measurements. The simulated measurements are then added with noise to replicate the experimental data. The present approach not only minimizes the difference between simulated and measured temperatures but also takes in to account “a priori” information about the unknown parameters. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Process engineering aspects in bioleaching of metals from electronic waste(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2020) Minimol, M.; Shetty K, V.; Saidutta, M.B.Obsolete electronic devices and their components majorly contributed by the computer and mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) constitute the electronic waste (e-waste). The e-wastes pose an environmental threat due to their eco-toxicological characteristics, thus making its management a mandate through an ecologically sustainable process. Further, the high concentration of metals in the e-waste makes it a secondary ore for metal recovery. Bioleaching is a bio-hydrometallurgical process, which is microbe-mediated dissolution of metals. Different nutritional classes of microorganisms like autotrophs and heterotrophs are active bioleaching agents of e-wastes. The mode of action of microbes for bioleaching of metals is obscure and is believed to ensue through redox reactions, protonic attack, or chelation. The process of bioleaching is influenced by biotic factors like the group and class of microorganism, growth rate, metabolic activity, etc. However, there are several abiotic factors that strongly affect the bioleaching efficiency. Development of a bioleaching process would need the study of various biological, nutritional, and engineering factors that influence the process. This chapter presents the critical analysis of various process engineering aspects in the bioleaching of metals from e-waste. To engineer a bioleaching process, (1) various biological, nutritional, and physicochemical factors, such as media composition, pH, e-waste loading, particle size, oxygen requirement, inoculum size, etc., should be optimized and (2) suitable bioreactor choice considering the microbial type, phases to be contacted, and the pattern of contacting followed by optimization of bioreactor operational parameters. This paper brings out a critical review of these bioprocess engineering aspects in bioleaching of metals from e-waste, directing the reader to the future scope of research on bioleaching, a bioremediation strategy to save and conserve environment for sustainable development. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Optimizing Network Lifetime and Energy Consumption in Homogeneous Clustered WSNs Using Quantum PSO Algorithm(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kanchan, P.; Shetty D, D.S.A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a group of sensors which communicate with each other and perform some specific task. Clustering is used to conserve energy in a WSN. In this work, the aim is to minimize the energy consumption and maximize the network lifetime of a homogeneous WSN using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) based Clustering algorithm in conjunction with quantum computing. In quantum computing, a bit is known as a qubit and it can exist in the following states: a ‘0’, a ‘1’ or a superposition of ‘0’ and ‘1’. In this chapter, the Quantum Computing based PSO clustering algorithm for Optimizing Energy consumption and Network lifetime (QCPOEN) algorithm for homogeneous wireless sensor networks is proposed. The proposed algorithm is compared with the PSO-ECHS algorithm and the LEACH algorithm. The superiority of the algorithm can be verified from the results. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Influence of Process Variables on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded AA6061 Matrix Composite(Springer Nature, 2021) Shettigar, A.; Prabhu B, S.R.; Herbert, M.A.; Rao, S.S.The present study is focused on the application of the friction stir welding process (FSW) to weld aluminium matrix composites (AMCs). Joints are formed by varying FSW process variables such as tool revolving speed (TRS), tool traverse speed (TTS) and the tool pin geometry (TPG). Influence of these parameters on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joints is investigated. Process variable optimization is done using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array design. Optimum process variables are determined and confirmed by confirmation tests based on the analysis of variance. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Optimal Resource Allocation for Public Safety Device to Device Communication Using PSO(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Dhruvik, N.; Pavan, R.; Neeraj; Manjappa, M.The Device to Device (D2D) communication allows two different devices in close proximity to communicate directly among themselves without relaying through the base stations (eNodeB or eNB). The D2D communication offloads the traffic from eNB and thus, has many advantages, including higher throughput and less end-to-end delay. Though the PSC was basically invented for Public Safety Communication (PSC) and to help the first responders, its distinct advantages have attracted other commercial applications as well. The eNB treats all the D2D applications equally during resource allocation and does a uniform resource allocation where one application is engaged in commercial activities. At the same time, the other saves one’s life. Thus, in this work authors proposed a novel optimized resource allocation algorithm for D2D applications which prioritizes PSC over commercial applications. In order to achieve the objective, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique was employed in the proposed work. Furthermore, a new weighted average fitness function was designed for PSO to suit the requirements. The proposed algorithm was simulated in NS-3, and the results were taken for different iterations. It was observed that the PSO algorithm for the designed fitness function achieved the local and global optimum values in a considerable amount of time. It was apparent from the results that PSC D2D pairs produced convincing results when compared to D2D pairs with commercial applications. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Enhancing the Dewatering Ability of Sludge by Locally Available Biomass(Springer Nature, 2023) Chopade, G.; Devatha, C.P.In this study, the effect of modified coconut shell biochar is analyzed for its efficacy achievable in sludge dewatering properties. Initially the coconut shell biochar is modified at different molar concentrations of FeCl3, i.e., 1, 2, and up to 5 mol/L, and it is analyzed with different dosages at 0.1, 0.2, and up to 0.4 (g/g of dry solids (DS)) for the improvement in capillary suction time (CST) (s), moisture content reduction (%), filterability (min), and settleability (SV30%) of the sludge. It is found that there is significant decrease in each of these parameters. The optimization study is carried out to optimize the process of sludge conditioning, considering independent regression parameters as dosage (g/g of DS), molarity (M), mixing time (min), and response taken as moisture content (%), the optimum values for the dosage, molarity, mixing time is found to be 0.4 (g/g of DS), 2.5 M and 24.72 min, respectively, with optimized moisture content value of 78% was achieved. Hence, the modified coconut shell biochar can be used as a potential candidate to increase the dewatering ability of the sludge. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.