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    Biohydrogen production from waste substrates and its techno-economic analysis
    (Elsevier, 2023) Dikshit, P.K.; Poddar, M.K.; Chakma, S.
    The demand for alternative energy is increasing considerably due to the fast depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing greenhouse gases emission, causing serious climate change. Among various alternative energy sources, biohydrogen (H2) has achieved major traction due to its distinct properties like high-energy content, recyclability, and production of water on the combustion process. Although several processes are adopted for hydrogen production from a wide range of substrates, utilization of organic feedstock using dark fermentation has proven to be one of the most promising methods among all. However, the raw material cost, which contributes around 70%–80% of the total production expenses, is the major hurdle in the successful commercialization of this process. Organic wastes can be used as an alternative to pure carbons for the reduction of production cost. This chapter summarizes biohydrogen production from various waste substrates, its production process, microorganisms involved, fermentation approaches, and various factors that influence the production along with major advantages and challenges. Additionally, techno-economic analysis of biohydrogen production on an industrial scale from various organic wastes is also discussed in detail. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Biocatalytic Remediation of Industrial Pollutants
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Pallavi, P.; Manikandan, S.K.; Nair, V.
    The release of an significant amount of pollutants from various industrial activities pose a serious threat to environmental sustainability and ecological integrity. Toxic pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, metal ions, plastics, and antibiotics, can cause detrimental diseases to diverse living beings in their ecosystems. Biocatalytic remediation is one efficient method of removing toxic industrial pollutants by applying microorganisms or enzymes. Microorganisms in the environment typically produce a variety of enzymes to immobilize and degrade contaminants by using them as a substrate for growth and development. Biocatalytic remediation has attracted enormous interest worldwide due to its affordability and eco-friendliness. The use of microbial enzymes and microorganisms, especially immobilized biocatalysts, has been established as a flexible approach for the sustainable alleviation of industrial pollutants, in contrast to physical and chemical methods. This chapter presents and discusses recent scientific and technological advancements related to biocatalytic remediation of industrial pollutants. It also considers different biocatalysts and novel methodologies to mitigate various pollutants. This article also examines current trends, challenges, and directions for efficiently removing pollutant using biocatalysis method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.