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Item Semantic Similarity and Paraphrase Identification for Malayalam Using Deep Autoencoders(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Praveena, R.; Anand Kumar, M.; Padannayil, K.P.In this chapter, we deal with the sentence-level paraphrase identification for the Malayalam language. We use recursive autoencoder architecture for the unsupervised learning of phrase representations to extract features for paraphrase identification. Sentence’s features of varying lengths are converted to fixed-size representation using the convolution method of dynamic pooling. Initially, the Malayalam paraphrase identification system was designed to identify paraphrases and non-paraphrases alone and later extended to identify semi-equivalent paraphrases. Along with semantic features, conventional statistical features are further taken into account, resulting in improved system performance. The proposed system was implemented using word2vec embedding and obtained 77.67% accuracy for the two-class system and 66.07% for the three-class system. This chapter also discusses different experiments done for choosing the best parameters and embedding models. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Deep Learning for COVID-19(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Bs, B.S.; Manoj Kumar, M.V.; Thomas, L.; Ajay Kumar, M.A.; Wu, D.; Annappa, B.; Hebbar, A.; Vishnu Srinivasa Murthy, Y.V.S.Ever since the outbreak in Wuhan, China, a variant of Coronavirus named “COVID 19” has taken human lives in millions all around the world. The detection of the infection is quite tedious since it takes 3–14 days for the symptoms to surface in patients. Early detection of the infection and prohibiting it would limit the spread to only to Local Transmission. Deep learning techniques can be used to gain insights on the early detection of infection on the medical image data such as Computed Tomography (CT images), Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI images), and X-Ray images collected from the infected patients provided by the Medical institution or from the publicly available databases. The same techniques can be applied to do the analysis of infection rates and do predictions for the coming days. A wide range of open-source pre-trained models that are trained for general classification or segmentation is available for the proposed study. Using these models with the concept of transfer learning, obtained resultant models when applied to the medical image datasets would draw much more insights into the COVID-19 detection and prediction process. Innumerable works have been done by researchers all over the world on the publicly available COVID-19 datasets and were successful in deriving good results. Visualizing the results and presenting the summarized data of prediction in a cleaner, unambiguous way to the doctors would also facilitate the early detection and prevention of COVID-19 Infection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Convolutional Neural Network-Enabling Speech Command Recognition(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Patra, A.; Pandey, C.; Palaniappan, K.; Sethy, P.K.The speech command recognition system based on deep image classification is the key that would tremendously promise to revolutionize research and development by overcoming the communication barrier between human and machine or computer. We are all aware of challenges in identifying the voice command in noise and variability in speed, pitch, and projection. This paper has developed an efficient and highly accurate speech command recognition for smart and effective speech processing applications like modern telecommunication. In particular, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) is presented that works with a one-second audio clip consisting of one specific word including ten speech commands and other words labeled as “unknown,” and model implementations were operated in the noisy environment. The CNNs are structurally fully developed in such a way to recognize the speech commands with the utilization of deep learning (DL) for image classification concepts. Thus, this research used the concept of DL for image classification to translate the problem of speech command recognition into the image domain. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item An Efficient Infectious Disease Detection in Plants Using Deep Learning(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Sunil, C.K.; Jaidhar, C.D.Over the past decade, agriculture has suffered reduced productivity from climate change and improper water, fertilizer, and pesticide use, fueling plant diseases. Pathogens pose the main threat, impacting crop yield and quality. Early detection and targeted treatments are crucial to improve both yield and quality. To address this, we have carried out deep learning-based approaches and published ours works in conferences and journSal. Those works are briefly discussed in the paper as follows: (i) Empirical work on different plant datasets is conducted to analyze the hyperparameters of the neural network. (ii) The research minimizes misclassifications by leveraging an ensemble-based strategy with AlexNet, ResNet, and VGGNet across seven plant leaf image datasets. The complexity of plant disease diagnosis in diverse conditions is tackled through a hybrid deep learning strategy, exemplified in the cardamom plant disease detection approach. (iii) An innovative deep learning-based approach is introduced to precise plant disease detection, crucial in the face of similar symptoms and imbalanced data. The proposed Multilevel Feature Fusion Network (MFFN) incorporates adaptive attention mechanisms, enhancing robustness by considering diverse network features. (iv) With cardamom plant disease classification utilizing U2-Net for background removal and EfficientNetV2 for classification, the network excels the performance on images with complex background, with this generated benchmark dataset with a complex background. This research work produced good results by achieving 99% accuracy on the tomato plant and 98.28% accuracy on the cardamom leaf dataset. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.