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    Experimental investigation on utilization of waste shredded rubber tire as a replacement to fine aggregate in concrete
    (Springer, 2019) Hiremath, P.N.; Jayakesh, K.; Rai, R.; Naganna, N.S.; Yaragal, S.C.
    Depletion of natural resources in the past few decades due to rapid construction activities all around the world has forced a threat to the availability of natural resources for future generation. The utilization of waste industrial by products, in the form of supplementary cementitious materials and waste tire rubber products replacing natural aggregates in production of concrete. In the present study performance of concrete mixes incorporating 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% Waste Shredded Rubber Tire (WSRT) as partial replacement of fine aggregate is investigated. Numerous research works have been conducted on replacement of aggregate by waste crumb rubber but data scarce on utilization of waste rubber in concrete directly. Hence to examine characteristics of shredded rubber tire based concretes, two sets of concrete specimen were produced. In the first set, shredded rubber tire is added directly without any pretreatment and in the second set the shredded rubber tire was immersed in NaOH solution for 24 h and then washed with water thoroughly and rubbed with sand paper to obtain the rough surface finish to facilitate improved bonding properties with cement matrix. To evaluate the performance of WSRT based concretes, fresh and hardened properties were determined by conducting slump tests on fresh mixes, and compression, flexural and impact tests on hardened concrete cubes and prisms. Proving results were obtained for potential use of WSRT in concretes for generalized applications. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
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    Strength characteristics of laterized mortars using processed laterite
    (Springer, 2019) Basavana Gowda, S.N.; C, C.; Yaragal, S.C.
    The rapid pace of population growth in India has enforced the construction industry to use construction materials at an accelerated rate leads to the exhaustion of natural resources. Large-scale constructions have a severe influence on the environment instigating many threats either directly or indirectly like exhaustion of the river due to unscientific sand mining being done at a frightening level, etc. To address this issue, it is required to find substitutes for river sand for producing mortars. One among the locally available marginal resource is laterite. In this study, an attempt is made to study the performance of cement mortars using laterite as fine aggregate in replacement levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% to natural fine aggregates (river sand). Studies were carried out in two stages, initially river sand is replaced with laterite quarry waste (unprocessed laterite), and then it is replaced with the processed laterite. The flowability and compressive strength characteristics of mortars are studied. Results indicate that, the decrease in compressive strength of mortars with increase in replacement levels of river sand by unprocessed laterite was more, when compared to mortars with processed laterite. However, there is only 13% reduction in strength for laterized mortar with 100% processed laterite when compared to control mortar is observed. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.