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Item Photobioreactors for wastewater treatment: Recent advances(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Lavanya, A.; Raval, K.; Raval, R.Sustainability of any waste treatment process depends on how a waste, particularly wastewater, is handled. Wastewater treatment is greatly important for the welfare of the environment and of the Earth in general. An integrative approach involving CO2 sequestration, effluent treatment and biomass generation presents a tremendous potential as the overall process in wastewater treatment and is more sustainable compared with conventional treatment. Research on the use of photobioreactors (PBRs) in wastewater treatment has gained momentum in the past decade. The use of photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, in wastewater treatment offers advantages, such as low energy requirement, biomass production and CO2sequestration. A large amount of inorganic species present in wastewater promotes the growth of various photosynthetic microorganisms. Removal of high concentrations of inorganic compounds is the major requisite in any wastewater treatment process. Some photosynthetic organisms, especially microalgae, play an important role in a treatment process that involves reduction of nitrates, phosphates and sulfates. Literature suggests that the use of PBRs in wastewater treatment considerably reduces the cost of microalgal cultivation and consequently controls water pollution, conserves freshwater resources and produces useful chemicals and biomass. This chapter focuses on research advances in wastewater treatment using PBRs. Different types of wastewater handled, mixed culture systems (e.g., algal.bacterial system employed in wastewater treatment), types of PBRs used, and bottlenecks that must be addressed to scale-up the wastewater treatment process are discussed. © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Use of Microalgae for the Development of Carbon Neutral Bio-CNG Process(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Datta, P.; Bej, S.; Madav, M.; Raval, K.The comprehensive chapter focuses on the upgradation techniques and conversion of the biogas generated from the huge amount of biowaste, to methane-enriched bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG). The sustainable bio-fixation of the extracted CO2 by employing various algal strains for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) along with the culture conditions has been discussed. The comparative analyses highlight that the integrated biorefinery approach does not involve harmful chemicals, high energy utilization and high operating expenses. The post-treatment and consumption of biogas-separated CO2 by algae make the process carbon neutral. The potential algal strains, their CO2 utilization capacity, and subsequent formation of high algal biomass along with several significant value-added products such as biofuels, biochemicals and biofertilizers in different types of photobioreactors and other process parameters, are also elaborated. The emerging role of efficient algal species in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the climate change issue has been illustrated for making it an eco-friendly strategy. The systematic valorization of algal biomass contributes to promising resource regeneration and promotes a circular economy in the sector of bioenergy industries to sustainably fulfill the global energy demand. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.