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Item Effect of various additives on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer mortar(Springer, 2019) Mustafa, R.; Shivaprasad, K.N.; Das, B.B.In the present study, setting time and variation in strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar prepared from natural sand as fine aggregates. Blast furnace slag (GGBS), micro silica and lime dust used as additives to fly ash based geopolymer mortar at 5, 10 and 15% of weight of fly ash. Alkaline activator used in the present study is combination of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution. Concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was maintained 10 M and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio was fixed as 2.5:1 by weight. From the test results, it is observed that setting time and compressive strength geopolymer samples were significantly influenced by the type of additive added in the preparation of the geopolymer mortar. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item Fast Setting Steel Fibre Geopolymer Mortar Cured Under Ambient Temperature(Springer, 2021) Prasanna, K.M.; Theodose, I.; Shivaprasad, K.N.; Das, B.B.Cement and cementitious materials are being used worldwide as the most popular multipurpose construction materials but the greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during its manufacturing process creating a huge environmental hazard, thus efforts have been made for alternative binders. Geopolymer binder is new age binder alternative to ordinary Portland cement in infrastructure projects because it is produced from eco-friendly and industrial waste materials. This study was aimed to produce fast setting with ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) in fly ash-based geopolymer mortar incorporated with steel fibres cured under ambient temperature. In this research, alkaline to binder ratio was varied from 0.5 to 0.8, crimped steel fibre are varied from 0.5 to 1.5% by total volume of binder and combination of fly ash (FA) and GGBS (100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40% and 50%:50%) as binder were used for preparation of fibre geopolymer mortar. The tests conducted include stetting time and flowability of geopolymer mortar, compressive strength and microstructural characterisation of steel fibre geopolymer mortar. The tests for compressive strength were carried out on standard size of mortar samples at curing period of 3, 7 and 28 days. It is noted from the test results that increase in GGBS content setting times were decreased; however, the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar increased. The highest compressive strength at 28 days of curing period was found to be 69.5 MPa, which is obtained with content of 1% of steel fibres and alkaline to binder ratio of 0.6 with 50%:50% binder’s proportions. Further, it is observed that the incorporation of steel fibres in plain geopolymer mortar have enhanced the compressive strength and optimum dosage of fibres was found to be 1%. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A Review on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of Reinforced Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures(Springer, 2021) Goudar, S.K.; Santhosh, S.K.; Das, B.B.This paper presents the recent research progress on the response of concrete exposed to fire or high temperatures. The main highlight of this review paper is a compilation of previously reported data regarding the variations in mechanical properties and microstructure properties of concrete when exposed to high temperatures. The concrete structures get deteriorated at the macro- and microscopic levels due to high-temperature exposure. The macro-level damages can be measured with degradation in mechanical properties such as the reduction in compressive strength, weight loss, changes in elastic properties, reduction of bond strength in reinforced concrete, etc. The macro-cracks on the surface of concrete causes spalling which can be observed after exposing the concrete samples to more than 300 ℃. The compressive strength of the concrete reduces slightly till 400 ℃, and when the temperature increased to 600 ℃, there was an exponential reduction in the compressive strength of concrete. Another important parameter is bond strength degradation, which plays a crucial role in durability issues. To understand the deterioration phenomenon and changes in mechanical properties, the changes at the level of the microstructure of concrete need to be understood. Dehydration of products causes deterioration of mechanical properties and weight loss of concrete when exposed to high temperatures. At different temperatures, the microstructure changes and the response of hydration products such as calcium hydroxide (CH), CSH gel, unhydrated cement and capillary water reported by previous researchers are compiled and discussed. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.