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Item Use of concrete wastes as the partial replacement of natural fine aggregates in the production of concrete(Springer, 2019) Saha, S.; C, C.; Vinay, K.Due to rapid development of construction industries in various dimensions, demand for construction materials is also gaining high momentum. Therefore, availability of natural sources of construction materials is going to be in decreasing trend to cope up with the high demand. Again currently, quantity of construction and demolition waste is also going too high day by day. Reuse of these construction and demolition waste is one of the promising solutions to protect natural fine aggregates. This study aims at investigations the possibility of the usage of these construction and demolition wastes to produce the fresh concrete with desirable properties. Natural fine aggregates (river sand) are replaced by the recycled fine aggregates by the different percentage levels for the production of fresh concrete. A comparative interpretation on the strength characteristics of the concrete produced with Ordinary Portland Cement and Portland Pozzolana Cement is also presented and discussed in this paper. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item Use of foundry sand as partial replacement of natural fine aggregate for the production of concrete(Springer, 2019) Saha, S.; C, C.; More, A.P.The scarcity of natural fine aggregate becomes prominent in the present scenario due to high consumption of natural fine aggregate as the demand for concrete is increasing day by day. As a result, environmental degradation also becomes very significant. In this experimental study, an effort has been made to study the feasibility of using foundry sand as partial replacement for natural fine aggregate to produce concrete with desired properties. Physical and mechanical properties of the produced concrete were studied by incorporating foundry sand, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of the mass of total fine aggregate in the mixes. For achieving the desired strength of concrete mixes, 30% replacement of natural fine aggregates by foundry sand was observed in this work to be considered for the production of fresh concrete. Use of certain percentage of foundry sand as alternative for natural fine aggregate to produce concrete will lead to protect the natural resources, save the environmental system, and promote sustainability in concrete industries. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item Strength characteristics of laterized mortars using processed laterite(Springer, 2019) Basavana Gowda, S.N.; C, C.; Yaragal, S.C.The rapid pace of population growth in India has enforced the construction industry to use construction materials at an accelerated rate leads to the exhaustion of natural resources. Large-scale constructions have a severe influence on the environment instigating many threats either directly or indirectly like exhaustion of the river due to unscientific sand mining being done at a frightening level, etc. To address this issue, it is required to find substitutes for river sand for producing mortars. One among the locally available marginal resource is laterite. In this study, an attempt is made to study the performance of cement mortars using laterite as fine aggregate in replacement levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% to natural fine aggregates (river sand). Studies were carried out in two stages, initially river sand is replaced with laterite quarry waste (unprocessed laterite), and then it is replaced with the processed laterite. The flowability and compressive strength characteristics of mortars are studied. Results indicate that, the decrease in compressive strength of mortars with increase in replacement levels of river sand by unprocessed laterite was more, when compared to mortars with processed laterite. However, there is only 13% reduction in strength for laterized mortar with 100% processed laterite when compared to control mortar is observed. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item An experimental investigation to determine the properties of fly ash based geopolymers as per indian standards(Springer, 2019) Saha, S.; C, C.Production of ordinary Portland cement requires huge quantity of natural resources and also releases huge quantity of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Research efforts have been continuing to establish geopolymer as an alternative cementitious material for the replacement of ordinary Portland cement. This paper presents the study to find out the properties of fly ash based geopolymer paste and 28 days compressive strength of geopolymer mortar. Standard consistency, setting time of geopolymer paste has been determined using vicat’s apparatus (according to Indian Standards), which is followed for cement paste, varying the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution from 6 to 16 M. Results indicate higher standard consistency, more time required for setting for fly ash based geopolymer than that of cement paste. Compressive strength of the geopolymer paste and mortar 17 specimens increases with the increase of the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and decrease beyond 14 M. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.