Browsing by Author "Savidhan Shetty, C.S."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Communication protocols in cloud robotics
(IGI Global, 2024) Savidhan Shetty, C.S.; Badiger, M.
The advent of cloud robotics has transformed traditional robotic systems by integrating them with the vast computational power of cloud infrastructure. This chapter explores the pivotal role of communica¬tion protocols in facilitating seamless interactions between physical robots and the cloud. The founda¬tion of cloud robotics lies in addressing specific challenges such as low-latency, reliability, scalability, and security. Various communication protocols, including MQTT, RESTful APIs, and WebSocket, are examined for their suitability in different applications, ranging from data offloading to real-time moni¬toring. Security considerations are paramount in the transmission of sensitive data between robots and cloud servers, necessitating encryption, authentication, and authorization mechanisms. The chapter also delves into the importance of standardization and interoperability to foster collaboration among diverse robotic systems. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Microplastic menace: Ecological ramifications and solutions for a sustainable future
(IGI Global, 2024) Badiger, M.; Mathew, J.A.; Savidhan Shetty, C.S.; Kumara, V.; Shetty, G.S.; Pratheksha Rai, N.; Mehnaz Fathima, C.
Microplastics and nanoplastics, particles smaller than 5 millimeters, have induced profound ecological imbalances in aquatic environments, posing threats to habitats, food chains, and organisms through pollution and bioaccumulation. Their capacity to adsorb harmful chemicals raises concerns for aquatic life and human health via contaminated seafood consumption. Furthermore, terrestrial ecosystems are not spared, with soil quality and nutrient cycling impacted by these pollutants. Given their global dispersion through wind and water currents, even remote areas are affected. Addressing these challenges mandates significant actions, including reducing plastic production, improving waste management, and implementing strategies for environmental remediation. Public awareness and education are pivotal for fostering sustainable practices and mitigating the pervasive impact of plastic contamination on ecosystems worldwide. © 2025, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Multiuser Data Transmission Aided by Simultaneous Transmit and Reflect Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface in Underwater Wireless Optical Communications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Naik, R.P.; Salman, M.; Bolboli, J.; Savidhan Shetty, C.S.; Chung, W.-Y.
Recent research in the wireless communications field has focused on the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which can enhance energy and spectrum efficiency by reconfiguring radio waves to propagate in a specific direction. In this study, we applied the simultaneous transmit and reflect (STAR)-RIS to an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. In contrast to a conventional RIS, a STAR-RIS allows multiple users to transfer data simultaneously in all directions by obtaining a UWOC channel despite underwater turbulence, beam attenuation, blockage, and pointing errors. Underwater turbulence-induced fading was obtained by using exponential and generalized Gamma distributions, and numerical analysis were performed to evaluate the outage probability, bit error rate (BER), and channel capacity of a direct UWOC channel, conventional RIS assisted UWOC channel, and STAR-RIS assisted UWOC channel. The BER performance was also evaluated according to the number of reflective elements, type of modulation scheme, impact of pointing errors, blockage levels, and varying the transmit-reflection coefficient. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to validate the analytical results for the BER and outage probability with respect to the average signal-to-noise ratio. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the received luminous intensity performance with respect to the incident beam luminous intensity of the proposed STAR-RIS assisted UWOC channel. © 1967-2012 IEEE.
Outage probability analysis of vertical underwater wireless optical links under varying turbulence with pointing errors and attenuation losses
(Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), 2025) Savidhan Shetty, C.S.; Badiger, M.; Prasad, D.
In this paper, we investigate the outage probability performance of underwater wireless optical communication for a vertical link. Due to temperature and salinity variations, turbulence in the vertical link ranges from strong to weak. The vertical link turbulence is modeled using a cascade of the gamma–gamma and hyperbolic tangent log-normal distributions. In addition to turbulence, we consider the impact of attenuation losses in the underwater medium and pointing errors at the receiver for outage probability analysis. A closed-form expression for the outage probability of the vertical link is derived. Outage probability results are presented for different water types, signal-to-noise ratio thresholds, degrees of pointing errors, and data rates. Additionally, an asymptotic analysis is provided to offer insights at high transmitted power. The accuracy of the derived closed-form expression is validated using Monte Carlo simulations. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop AF/DF Relay Utilizing BCH Code in an Underwater Vertical Wireless Optical Link
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Savidhan Shetty, C.S.; Achala, G.; Prasad Naik, R.; Shripathi Acharya, U.S.; Chung, W.-Y.
Many attempts have been made to realize effective communication from the sea surface to ocean depths. One promising emerging technology is the deployment of underwater vertical wireless optical links to establish reliable and high-speed communication. In this study, we have attempted to evaluate the performance of an underwater vertical wireless optical communication (UVWOC) link operating beneath the ocean surface, utilizing amplify and forward (AF) as well as decode and forward (DF) relay systems. The investigation focuses on a vertical link traversing multiple layers of turbulence. The channel modeling of multiple layers under weak turbulence and strong turbulence conditions employs hyperbolic tangent log-normal and gamma-gamma distributions. Novel closed-form expressions are developed to quantify the average bit error rate and outage probability for dual-hop AF/DF relay UVWOC links in both weak and strong underwater turbulence conditions. The analysis accounts for attenuation losses and pointing errors. Monte-Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of the derived expressions. Furthermore, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes with parameters (n=31, k=11) and (n=63, k=18) are applied to enhance the integrity of information transfer over the AF/DF relay UVWOC link. This research contributes to understanding UVWOC links under diverse conditions and proposes coding techniques for improved reliability in challenging underwater environments. © 2013 IEEE.
Performance of Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code Through the Underwater Wireless Optical Channels
(IEEE Computer Society, 2023) Naik, R.P.; Mans, R.; Shripathi Acharya, U.; Savidhan Shetty, C.S.
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes have been integrated with the space-time (ST) codes to enhance the reliability of information transfer across the wireless channel. Due to their rich algebraic structure, space time block codes (STBCs) such as orthogonal STBCs (OSTBC), quasi-orthogonal STBC (QOSTBC), and non-orthogonal STBCs (NOSTBC), offer efficient implementation of a reliable communication system. The underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) channel is perturbed by the weak turbulence and fading (referred as scintillation), and shares many properties with a wireless channel. In this paper, we have designed OSTBC/QOSTBC and NOSTBC schemes for UWOC system, which can significantly improve the integrity of information transfer across the underwater optical wireless channels. These codes have been suitably conditioned to operate with an UWOC system employing intensity modulation. Monte-Carlo bit error rate simulations of the proposed schemes are plotted and presented with respect to the available transmit power in dB. Â© 2023 IEEE.