Browsing by Author "Gangamma, S."
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Item Air Pollution and Biomass Fuel Burning in Indian Cities: Levoglucosan and Carbohydrates(2020) Gangamma, S.; S.; Panigrahi; M.; Veekshitha; V.Item Air Pollution And Vulnerability To Respiratory Infections: In Vitro Studies On Particulate Matter From Indian Cities(2017) Gangamma, S.; S; Desai; S; Sowmiya; V; Seethalakshmi; V; Deepak; TK; Priya; DV; Krishnaja; SItem Airborne Bacteria and Levoglucosan in Indian Biomass Fuel Burning Houses(2020) Gangamma, S.; S.; Panigrahi; M.; Tripathi; D.; Prasanna; L.; Veekshitha; V.Item Item Airborne particulate matter and innate immunity activation(2012) Gangamma, S.[No abstract available]Item Airborne particulate matter-associated endotoxin and proinflammatory responses(2012) Gangamma, S.[No abstract available]Item Biological components and inflammatory responses of particulate matter from biomass burning houses(2017) Gangamma, S.; Desai, S.; Tripathi, D.K.; Vishnu, Priya, D.; Krishnaja, S.[No abstract available]Item Biological components and inflammatory responses of particulate matter from biomass burning houses(International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 2017) Gangamma, S.; Desai, S.; Tripathi, D.K.; Vishnu Priya, D.; Krishnaja, S.[No abstract available]Item Characteristics of airborne bacteria in Mumbai urban environment(Elsevier, 2014) Gangamma, S.Components of biological origin constitute small but a significant proportion of the ambient airborne particulate matter (PM). However, their diversity and role in proinflammatory responses of PM are not well understood. The present study characterizes airborne bacterial species diversity in Mumbai City and elucidates the role of bacterial endotoxin in PM induced proinflammatory response in ex vivo. Airborne bacteria and endotoxin samples were collected during April-May 2010 in Mumbai using six stage microbial impactor and biosampler. The culturable bacterial species concentration was measured and factors influencing the composition were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). The biosampler samples were used to stimulate immune cells in whole blood assay. A total of 28 species belonging to 17 genera were identified. Gram positive and spore forming groups of bacteria dominated the airborne culturable bacterial concentration. The study indicated the dominance of spore forming and human or animal flora derived pathogenic/opportunistic bacteria in the ambient air environment. Pathogenic and opportunistic species of bacteria were also present in the samples. TNF-? induction by PM was reduced (35%) by polymyxin B pretreatment and this result was corroborated with the results of blocking endotoxin receptor cluster differentiation (CD14). The study highlights the importance of airborne biological particles and suggests need of further studies on biological characterization of ambient PM. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.Item Characterization and proinflammatory response of airborne biological particles from wastewater treatment plants(2011) Gangamma, S.; Patil, R.S.; Mukherji, S.Wastewater contains a variety of microorganisms, and unit operations in the plants could release these biological components into the air environment. These airborne biological particles could have adverse health effects on plant workers and the downwind population. This study provides a first report on the concentration and characterization of the airborne biological particles in six wastewater treatment plants in Mumbai, India. The study indicates that 49% and 27% of the samples exceed, respectively, the exposure limit for airborne endotoxin and bacteria in occupational settings. Endotoxin was identified as the single most important component of the particulate matter responsible for induction of proinflammatory indicator (tumor necrosis factor-?) in in vitro assay. Identification of several clinically important bacterial species in the samples suggests that the workers at the treatment plant are exposed to opportunistic and infectious bacteria. Principal component analysis was used to identify the groups among the bacterial species which serves as the signature for transport study. Analysis also shows that the component related to spore-forming bacteria is present in all samples. © 2011 American Chemical Society.Item Cigarette Smoking and Lung Adenocarcinoma: Cell of Origin Based Re-Analysis of Gene Expression Data(2019) Gangamma, S.; S.; Pradhan; P.Item Cigarette Smoking and Lung Adenocarcinoma: Cell of Origin Based Re-Analysis of Gene Expression Data(2019) Gangamma, S.; S.; Pradhan; P.Item Generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control(WITPress marketing@witpress.com, 2007) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Gangamma, S.; Varghese, S.K.A device for the generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control has been designed and tested in the present study. A continuous flow, evaporation-condensation aerosol generator has been designed to produce monodisperse aerosols of low vapor pressure organic liquids, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), at flow rates over 2.5 1pm. Nebulised NaCl particles are passed through the particle number controller to reduce the number concentration close to 105/cc to suppress homogeneous condensation. The condensation nuclei with nitrogen as a carrier gas are passed through a bubbler containing DOP, producing a nuclei-vapor mixture. The mixture is condensed producing the aerosols of narrow size distribution. A heater section previous to the condenser section provides complete evaporation across the tube diameter, while the condenser walls in free convection create a low temperature gradient, both of which enhance aerosol monodispersity. The results show that controlling the nuclei number concentration as well as vapor source can produce aerosols with sufficient monodispersity. © 2007 WIT Press.Item Lancet Commission on pollution: action plans and human resource development in India(2018) Gangamma, S.[No abstract available]Item Particle deposition in human respiratory system: Deposition of concentrated hygroscopic aerosols(2009) Varghese, S.K.; Gangamma, S.In the nearly saturated human respiratory tract, the presence of water-soluble substances in the inhaled aerosols can cause change in the size distribution of the particles. This consequently alters the lung deposition profiles of the inhaled airborne particles. Similarly, the presence of high concentration of hygroscopic aerosols also affects the water vapor and temperature profiles in the respiratory tract. A model is presented to analyze these effects in human respiratory system. The model solves simultaneously the heat and mass transfer equations to determine the size evolution of respirable particles and gas-phase properties within human respiratory tract. First, the model predictions for nonhygroscopic aerosols are compared with experimental results. The model results are compared with experimental results of sodium chloride particles. The model reproduces the major features of the experimental data. The water vapor profile is significantly modified only when a high concentration of particles is present. The model is used to study the effect of equilibrium assumptions on particle deposition. Simulations show that an infinite dilution solution assumption to calculate the saturation equilibrium over droplet could induce errors in estimating particle growth. This error is significant in the case of particles of size greater than 1 ?m and at number concentrations higher than 105/cm3. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.Item Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Mishra, R.; Krishnamoorthy, P.; Gangamma, S.; Raut, A.A.; Kumar, H.Particulate matter (PM10) enhances severity of influenza virus infection through skewing innate immunity via modulation of metabolic pathways-related genes.; Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 ?m) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) – H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM10 prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM10 enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd; © 2020 Elsevier Ltd