Browsing by Author "Bhujange, K."

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    Implementing Holding Time Based Data Forwarding in Underwater Opportunistic Routing Protocol using Unetstack3
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Bhujange, K.; Chandavarkar, B.R.; Nazareth, P.
    Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) play a vital role in many applications such as underwater resource exploration, environment monitoring, and surveillance. These applications demand high reliability. However, achieving reliable communication in the UASNs is one of the challenging issues due to varying link quality. To improve the reliable transmission in the UASNs, Opportunistic Routing (OR) is a promising routing technique. One of the challenges OR protocols face is cooperation between nodes. To overcome this, many techniques have been found. Holding time is one of the mainly used techniques to coordinate between nodes. Various holding time algorithms already exist. The difference in the algorithms is the use of different parameters for calculating hold time, and depth difference is the most used parameter. The major goal of this paper is to create a framework in UnetStack3 for holding time-based protocols that can be used for numerous different protocols to compute hold time and overhear neighboring packets by doing minor modifications in the calculations. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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    Opportunistic Underwater Routing Protocols: A Survey
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Bhujange, K.; Nayeem, A.; Das, A.P.; Chandavarkar, B.R.; Nazareth, P.
    Underwater Acoustics Sensor Networks (UASNs) play a significant role in the different underwater applications. Some underwater applications include underwater environment monitoring, mine detection, pollution monitoring, etc. UASNs exhibit several challenges like node movement, changes in link quality between nodes, low bandwidth, high bit-error rate, and high energy consumption. These challenges in UASNs make data delivery unreliable during routing. One of the solutions to achieve better performance during routing is using an opportunistic routing approach. In the opportunistic routing, the sender will forward the data to the set of neighbors so that at least a neighbor can receive and forward the data. Evaluating the neighboring nodes, selecting the set of the neighbors, and coordinating among the selected nodes to forward the received data is the significant steps in opportunistic routing. Thus, we consider the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach to select the best next-hops during routing. Therefore, we are making a detailed survey on protocols that apply TOPSIS to evaluate neighboring nodes’ multiple attributes. Then we discuss various clustering techniques used in the selection of the best next-hops. Finally, we discuss methods used to compute hold time to achieve coordination between cluster nodes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.