Tikale, S.Prabhu, K.N.2026-02-052021Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2021, 32, 3, pp. 2865-28869574522https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05040-9https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/23362The influence of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles addition in trace amounts and electroless Ni–P substrate coating on the microstructure development and bond shear strength of Sn-3.0Ag–0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joint were investigated. The performance and reliability of the 2220-capacitor joints with Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> nanoparticle reinforced nanocomposites reflowed on Cu and Ni–P coated substrate were analyzed under varying high-temperature environments. The addition of nanoparticles enhanced the wettability and microhardness of the solder and considerably refined the joint microstructure. The dispersion and adsorption of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles resulted in the suppression of intermetallic (IMC) growth at the interface and refinement of the ?-Sn grains as well as IMC precipitates into the matrix. The Ni–P coating on the substrate significantly retarded the IMC growth kinetics resulting in the formation of a thin and uniform IMC layer at the joint interface. The thermal stability and performance of the joint under high-temperature environments were enhanced due to the Ni–P coating on the substrate. Compared to the unreinforced SAC305 solder joint with bare Cu substrate, joints with SAC305 + 0.05Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> composite showed about 17% higher shear strength with bare Cu substrate and about 27% higher strength with Ni–P coated substrate. The Weibull distribution analysis indicates a significant improvement in joint reliability of the 2220-capacitor/SAC305 solder assembly using SAC305 + 0.05Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> nanocomposite and Ni-coated substrate. The ANOVA study suggests that the solder joint performance majorly depends on the operating environment, solder composition, and the substrate finish. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.AluminaAluminum oxideCoatingsGrowth kineticsIntegrated circuit interconnectsMicrostructureNanocompositesNanoparticlesNickel compoundsReinforcementReliability analysisSoldered jointsWeibull distributionHigh-temperature environmentJoint microstructuresMicrostructure developmentOperating environmentPerformance and reliabilitiesReinforced nanocompositeSolder compositionSolder interconnectsSulfur compounds