Muhiuddin, M.Khan, A.Z.Devi, N.A.Bharadishettar, N.Meti, S.Siddique, A.B.Bhat K, U.Akhtar, W.Rahman, M.R.2026-02-042024Journal of Applied Physics, 2024, 136, 3, pp. -218979https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0202270https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/21012Incorporating heteroatoms into graphene lattice results in enhanced electrical conductivity and electrochemically active sites and has significant importance in developing high-performance supercapacitors. In this study, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped graphene aerogel is synthesized via hydrothermal technique followed by a simple but effective freeze-thawing and ambient pressure drying process (referred to as SN-GA). The process requires low-cost raw materials and cost-effective equipment without the utilization of any special instrument that operates at ultra-low temperatures, under high pressure, or vacuum environment. Ammonium sulfate [(NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>] and ethylenediamine are used as a source of sulfur and nitrogen and as a reducing agent. (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> with different molarities (0, 12, 24, and 36 mM) are used to synthesize four different aerogel samples marked as GA, SN-GA1, SN-GA2, and SN-GA3. The electrode is prepared using an SN-GA2 sample, exhibiting an outstanding specific capacitance of 244 F g−1 at an applied current density of 1 A g−1 with almost 98.5% Coulomb efficiency. Furthermore, based on the SN-GA2 sample, the symmetrical supercapacitor is fabricated, displaying an energy density of 18.14 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 498.4 W kg−1. Hence, SN-GA2 renders a promising material for supercapacitor applications. © 2024 Author(s).AerogelsCost effectivenessGrapheneHigh pressure engineeringNitrogen compoundsSulfurSulfur compoundsSupercapacitorVacuum applicationsActive siteBinder freeCo-dopedCost effectiveEffective synthesisElectrical conductivityGraphene aerogelsGraphene latticesHeteroatomsPerformanceNitrogen