Gangashetty, P.A.Karthikeyan, K.2026-02-032025Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy, 2025, 10, 2, pp. -https://doi.org/10.1007/s40866-025-00290-0https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/20145This paper presents a novel single-stage three-port power converter topology for standalone renewable energy systems that integrate photovoltaic (PV) generation and battery energy storage to supply a three-phase AC load. The proposed converter architecture combines a multi-phase bidirectional interleaved direct current-to-direct current (DC/DC) converter with a full-bridge inverter, forming a compact and modular power interface that reduces the number of conversion stages and minimizes component count and volume. A synchronous reference frame-based proportional–integral (SRF-PI) controller is employed for decoupled regulation of the DC-link and AC output voltages, while Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) ensures fixed-frequency switching and optimal DC bus utilization. The control strategy enables effective power flow management between the PV, battery, and load under dynamic irradiance and load variations. Real-time implementation on an FPGA-based platform validates the feasibility and performance of the proposed control method, with a 300 W experimental prototype demonstrating practical applicability. The system is also modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate transient and steady-state behavior under different operating conditions. A comparative analysis with the Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) technique highlights that the SRF-PI controller offers improved lower transient overshoot, reduced steady-state error, and superior power quality while significantly reducing the computational burden and implementation complexity. The proposed system offers a scalable, efficient, and hardware-friendly solution suitable for standalone PV-battery-based microgrids and rural electrification applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Battery management systemsControllersDC-DC convertersElectric invertersElectric utilitiesMicrogridsModel predictive controlPower controlPower qualityPredictive control systemsProportional control systemsSecondary batteriesTwo term control systemsVoltage controlAC loadBidirectional direct current-to-direct current converterDirect current converterDirect-currentMaximum Power Point Tracking algorithmsMulti-portMultiport converterPhotovoltaic systemsStandalone AC loadSynchronous reference frameSynchronous reference frame controlVector spaces