Das, S.Mahalingam, H.2026-02-052019Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2019, 94, 8, pp. 2597-26082682575https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6069https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/24447BACKGROUND: In the last decade, research on floating photocatalysts has increased rapidly with polymer substrates being a popular choice. However, most of the published work is on very small volumes and there is very little work on scale-up of such systems. RESULTS: Polystyrene–titanium dioxide nanocomposite floating films were prepared using a facile solvent casting method and tested for the photocatalytic degradation of four different dyes under UV irradiation. The prepared film was characterised by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and profilometry. Scale-up studies were done in batch mode under optimised conditions, and for the larger reactor volume, the effect of recirculation was studied. Complete decolourisation of the model dye (Remazol Turquoise Blue) was observed within 80 min in the scaled-up batch process. In the recirculation mode, for a much larger volume of the dye solution, around 75% decolourisation in 6 h was observed. The reusability of the photocatalytic film was tested, and the results promise a minimum decolourisation efficiency of around 70%. Finally, total organic carbon (TOC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis were used to assess the degradation of the dye. The maximum TOC reduction observed was around 25% possibly due to the complex nature of the dye used in this study. The intermediate products of degradation were identified, and a tentative mechanism is suggested. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates the recirculation aspects of the photocatalytic reactor under the scaled-up conditions for a complex dye. The prepared film showed excellent stability with satisfactory wastewater decontamination under UV irradiation even after repeated use. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical IndustryBatch data processingChemical industryDegradationFilm preparationFourier transform infrared spectroscopyInductively coupled plasmaIrradiationLiquid chromatographyMass spectrometryNanocomposite filmsNanocompositesOptical emission spectroscopyOrganic carbonPhotocatalystsPolystyrenesRadioactive waste vitrificationReusabilityScanning electron microscopyTiO2 nanoparticlesTitanium castingsTitanium dioxideWastewater treatmentX ray photoelectron spectroscopyFourier transform infraredInductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometryLiquid chromatography-Mass spectrometryPhoto catalytic degradationPhotocatalytic reactorsPolymer nanocompositeRemazolWastewater decontaminationPhotodegradationdyenanocompositepolystyreneremazol turquoise bluetitanium dioxide nanoparticleunclassified drugArticlebatch processchemical reaction kineticscomparative studydecolorizationinductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometryinvestigative proceduresliquid chromatography-mass spectrometrynanocatalysisnanocatalystpHphotocatalysisphotodegradationprocess optimizationprocessingprofilometryrecirculation processreduction (chemistry)scale upscanning electron microscopysolvent castingspectroscopytotal organic carbonultraviolet irradiationwaste water managementX ray diffractionX ray photoemission spectroscopy