Kumar, A.Nainegali, L.Das, S.K.Reddy, K.R.2026-02-032025Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2025, 84, 12, pp. -14359529https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-025-04640-1https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19929Slope instability of coal mine overburden dumps poses significant challenges to mining safety and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the potential for root reinforcement offered by herbaceous vegetation (Dendrocalamus strictus and Cymbopogon citratus) for enhanced slope stability. A series of pot experiments were conducted to grow grasses with the coal mine overburden material. The survival and growth of grasses in the nutrient-devoid overburden are critical because they directly impact the effectiveness of root reinforcement. Therefore, the effect of amendment quantity on plant growth was assessed. A direct shear box test was conducted on the bare and rooted samples using a fabricated internal shear test assembly to determine the strength. The higher peak shear stress and dilatancy angle observed for the rooted specimens were due to the high root tensile strength mobilizing the shear stresses. The results of shear tests were subsequently employed in limit equilibrium slope stability analyses where material heterogeneity was considered to account for uncertainties linked to material properties. The deterministic analysis provided insights into the expected improvements in slope stability due to root reinforcement, offering a baseline for comparison. Meanwhile, the probabilistic analysis considered the variability in material properties, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the uncertainty associated with the slope stability assessment regarding the reliability index and probability of failure. By combining experimental investigations with rigorous analytical approaches, this study enhances our understanding of how grassroots reinforcement can enhance the stability of coal mine overburden dumps. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.CoalMine safetyReinforcementReliability analysisShear flowShear strengthShear stressSlope protectionSlope stabilityStabilizationSustainable developmentSystem stabilityUncertainty analysisVegetationCoal mine overburdensCoefficients of variationsHerbaceous vegetationOverburden dumpsPropertyRoot reinforcementShear testsShears strengthSlope instabilityUncertaintyCoal minesTensile strengthcoal mineherboverburdenreinforced earthshear testslope stabilitysurvivalsustainabilitytensile strength