Joshua, A.M.Vittal, K.P.2026-02-042022Electric Power Systems Research, 2022, 204, , pp. -3787796https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107701https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/22652This paper evaluates directional and adaptive overcurrent protection schemes in microgrids. A microgrid supported by a centralised Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is chosen for the study. The stringent PQ controller of BESS will not allow it to dissipate into a fault, during its charging mode, causing the conventional directional schemes to mal-operate. A direction estimation scheme using magnitude and angle of superimposed positive sequence impedance is proposed to address this issue in BESS. Further, two fault detection techniques are proposed for BESS integrated feeders. The Main Protection Unit (MPU) detects an internal fault when there is a mismatch in the direction of relays at either end of a feeder. The second scheme uses adaptive overcurrent relay settings. Since the fault current is limited with PQ control, the pickup current is calculated dynamically with this control. Whereas a fixed pickup current is chosen, when the BESS inverter is voltage controlled. Simulations have been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The proposed schemes work well for bidirectional power flows and in grid connected and standalone modes of microgrid operation. © 2021Battery storageFault detectionOvercurrent protectionPickupsSecondary batteriesAdaptiveBattery energy storage systemsCentralisedDirectionalMicrogridPickup currentsProtectionProtection schemesStringentsSuperimposed impedanceMATLAB