Srinivasan, K.Venugopal, P.2026-02-052008Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2008, 23, 4, pp. 347-35110426914https://doi.org/10.1080/10426910801976544https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/27739Containerless extrusion requires far less forces compared to conventional direct extrusion of rods and tubes due to the elimination of container wall-billet friction. But the strains that can be imparted are less in the former due to the unsupported billet which gets upset first if the axial stress exceeds yield stress of the billet material. If this stress is equal to yield stress, it corresponds to the limit of the process of pure containerless extrusion. It is found that this limit strain as predicted by theory is far less compared to what is observed experimentally. This discrepancy is explained on the basis of heating that takes place in the deformation zone due to ideal, frictional, and shear work done in carrying out the extrusion process.Die castingFormabilityFrictionMetal extrusionPunch pressesShear stressStrain measurementTemperature controlTitanium compoundsYield stressContainer wall billet frictionContainerless extrusionDie anglesShear worksTubes (components)