Singh, L.S.Kant, K.Banerjee, S.Sengupta, R.AlObaid, A.A.Pal, M.Dutta, S.Aljaar, N.Malakar, C.C.2026-02-042024Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2024, 44, 7, pp. 4832-484310406638https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2023.2257846https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/21493An efficient method for N-arylation and N-N bond formation has been developed using an innoxious reaction medium, γ-valerolactone (GVL), as both a solvent and a ligand. The strategy involves utilizing CuI as a catalyst under conditions free of external ligands and bases. Various aldehyde and amine derivatives with different functional groups were investigated, resulting in the production of 2-aryl-2H-indazole compounds with yields ranging from 75% to 93%. This study highlights the effectiveness of GVL, a solvent derived from biomass, as a reaction medium and ligand in a multicomponent reaction. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.ChelationCopper compoundsLigandsReaction kinetics2h-indazoleBond formationC-N bond formationCu(I)-catalyseIndazoleMulticomponent reactionMulticomponentsN-N bond formationReaction mediaCatalysis