Hegde, S.S.Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.2026-02-082023Sustainable Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors, 2023, Vol., , p. 19-3197813941662379781394167104https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85736-2https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/33625An exponential increase in the atmospheric temperature, destructive environmental effects, and the unreplenishable nature of energy supplies have sparked universal attention to the need to find alternative energy sources, value-added chemical products, and fuel. Biomass-derived material has emerged as a fantastic alternative in this regard. These biomasses contain carbon as a skeletal backbone, allowing science and technology to function to a higher degree. Numerous naturally abundant environmental and agro-wastes have been researched to manufacture porous carbon for supercapacitor electrodes because of their ready availability, outstanding performance, and easy processing techniques. This chapter discusses various environmental waste-derived carbon nanomaterials and general preparation methods, activation processes, recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives. © 2023 Scrivener Publishing LLC.Agricultural wastebiomass conversionsupercapacitorsustainable energysustainable materialswaste to energy