Chavan, S.Gumtapure, V.Arumuga Perumal, D.A.2026-02-052019Journal of Energy Storage, 2019, 22, , pp. 355-372https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.02.018https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/24624The present work deals with the composite phase change material (CPCM) of 98% paraffin wax and 2% copper nanoparticle, filled into the bounded domain. Effects of orientation (45° 90° 135° and 180°) with different wall heating conditions (base, left and top wall) are analyzed numerically to understand the flow patterns and interface morphology developed during melting/solidification processes. The melting/solidification mechanism exhibited non-uniform flow patterns and irregular morphology which are dependent on geometrical orientations and different wall heating conditions. The results revealed that the bounded domain with different orientations have significant effect on natural convection current formation. As the orientation changes, the heat transfer rate gets influenced significantly and convection currents amplifies. Top wall heating arrangement of 180° orientation shows competence in achieving better thermal performance. © 2019 Elsevier LtdFlow patternsMeltingNanoparticlesParaffin waxesParaffinsPhase change materialsBounded domainComposite phase change materialsComputational investigationCopper nanoparticlesHeat Transfer enhancementInterface morphologiesIrregular morphologyThermal PerformanceTranspiration