Bhat, N.S.Vinod, N.Onkarappa, S.B.Dutta, S.2026-02-052020Carbohydrate Research, 2020, 496, , pp. -86215https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2020.108105https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/23695Furfural has been produced in 53% isolated yield from D-xylose within an aqueous HCl-1,2-dichloroethane biphasic reaction mixture using benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as a phase transfer catalyst. The use of BTBAC noticeably improved the yield of furfural compared to that in the control reaction. The reaction was optimized on the reaction temperature, duration, concentration of HCl, and the loading of BTBAC. Furfural and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) have also been coproduced from a mixture of pentose and hexose sugars. Under optimized conditions (100 °C, 3 h, 20.2% HCl, 10 wt% BTBAC), CMF and furfural were isolated in 17% and 53% yield, respectively, from a mixture of glucose and xylose. In addition, levulinic acid was isolated from the aqueous layer in 31% yield. © 2020 Elsevier LtdAldehydesCatalystsChlorine compoundsMixturesBenzyltributylammonium chlorideBiphasic reactionCo-productionIsolated yieldLevulinic acidOptimized conditionsPhase transfer catalystsReaction temperatureFurfural5 (chloromethyl)furfuralfurfuralglucosehexosehydrochloric acidlevulinic acidmesylic acidpentosephosphoric acidsulfuric acidtrifluoroacetic acidunclassified drugxyloseArticleboiling pointcatalystFourier transform infrared spectroscopypriority journalproton nuclear magnetic resonancereaction temperaturereaction time