Gorre, P.Vignesh, R.Song, H.Kumar, S.2026-02-052021Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 2021, 42, 3, pp. 239-25918666892https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00771-0https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/23317This work reports in first time a 100-Gb/s, ultra-low noise, variable gain multi-stagger tuned transimpedance amplifier (VGMST-TIA) over the D-band performance. The whole work is binding into two phases. The first phase involves the modeling and characterization of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) with an optimized transition frequency of operation. While in the second phase, a TIA design employs a T-shaped symmetrical L-R network at the input, which mitigates the effect of photo diode capacitance and achieves a D-band of operation. The proposed work uses a VGMST to establish TIA, which realizes optimum noise performance. The high gain 3-stage VGMST-TIA effectively minimizes the white noise and illustrates a sharp out-of-band roll-off to achieve considerable noise reduction at high frequencies. The active feedback mechanism controls the transimpedance gain by tuning the control voltage which results better group delay. Besides, an L-C circuit is employed at the output to enhance bandwidth. The full TIA is implemented and fabricated using a commercial nano-manufacturing 9-nm graphene film FET on a silicon wafer using 0.065-?m process. The TIA achieves a flat transimpedance gain of 61.2 dB? with ± 9 ps group delay variation over the entire bandwidth. The proposed TIA measured an impedance bandwidth of 0.2 THz with ultra-low input-referred noise current density of 2.03 pA/?Hz. The TIA supports a 100-Gb/s data transmission due to large bandwidth; therefore, a bit-error-rate (BER) less than 10?12 is achieved. The chip occupies an area of 0.92 * 1.34 mm2 while consuming power of 21 mW under supply of 1.8 V. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.BandwidthBit error rateCapacitanceEntertainment industryField effect transistorsGrapheneGraphene transistorsGroup delayNoise abatementOperational amplifiersSilicon wafersGraphene fieldeffect transistors (GFET)Group delay variationsHigh frequency HFImpedance bandwidthsNano-manufacturingOptical front-endsTrans-impedance gainTransition frequenciesWhite noise