Maheswari, G.Manjunatha Sharma, K.M.Prabhakaran, P.2026-02-032025Journal of Power Electronics, 2025, 25, 3, pp. 488-49915982092https://doi.org/10.1007/s43236-024-00902-5https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/20402This paper proposes a novel sorted level-shifted U-shaped carrier-based pulse width modulation (SLSUC PWM) strategy combined with an input power control approach for a 13-level cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter designed for grid connection, specifically tailored for photovoltaic (PV) systems, which avoids a double-stage power conversion configuration. In this methodology, every inverter generates a quasi-square output voltage waveform with a width that is intricately linked to the output power of its corresponding PV panel. The application of this SLSUC pulse width modulation technique with input power control in a solar energy-based 13-level grid-tied inverter facilitates precise maximum power point (MPP) tracking for each of the PV panels under uniform and non-uniform irradiation conditions and ensures the consistent maintenance of capacitor voltage balance. Moreover, this novel SLSUC PWM method for 13-level inverters offers a range of benefits, including a low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage of the multi-level inverter and higher inverter and MPPT efficiencies over the existing PWM techniques. To verify the efficacy of the proposed control method over existing techniques, a PV-based grid-connected multi-level inverter with the proposed control strategy undergoes modeling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. Then, experimental hardware-in-the-loop (EHIL) testing is conducted to confirm and evaluate its effectiveness. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2024.Bridge approachesChirp modulationDigital filtersHardware-in-the-loop simulationHarmonic distortionHVDC power transmissionNotch filtersSolar power generationGrid-connectedInput powerMaximum Power Point TrackingMultilevelsOutput voltagesPhotovoltaicsPower-controlPulsewidth modulations (PWM)Total harmonic distortionsU-shapedPulse width modulation