Mishra, R.Krishnamoorthy, P.Gangamma, S.Raut, A.A.Kumar, H.2026-02-052020Environmental Pollution, 2020, 266, , pp. -2697491https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115148https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/23643Particulate matter (PM<inf>10</inf>) enhances severity of influenza virus infection through skewing innate immunity via modulation of metabolic pathways-related genes.; Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM<inf>10</inf> (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 ?m) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) – H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM<inf>10</inf> prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM<inf>10</inf> enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd; © 2020 Elsevier LtdAir qualityBiological organsCell cultureDiseasesHealth risksImmune systemMetabolismModulationRNAVirusesAerodynamic diametersEpidemiological studiesHighly pathogenic avian influenzasInflammatory disordersInnate immune responseLung epithelial cellsMolecular mechanismRespiratory illnessParticles (particulate matter)air qualityatmospheric pollutioncellepidemiologyimmune responseinfectious diseaseinnate behaviormetabolismparticulate matterpathogenrisk factorviral diseaseaerodynamic diameterair pollutionArticleavian influenza (H5N1)controlled studyenergy dispersive X ray spectroscopyhumanhuman cellInfluenza A virus (H5N1)innate immunitylimit of quantitationlung injurymorbiditynonhumanparticle sizephysical parametersprevalencereal time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionrespiratory tract diseasescanning electron microscopytranscriptomicsvirus loadvirus replicationvirus strainWorld Health Organizationair pollutantanimalRNA virus infectionOrthomyxoviridaeRNA virusesAir PollutantsAir PollutionAnimalsHumansImmunity, InnateInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeParticulate MatterRNA Virus Infections