Santhosh Kumar, A.S.Huang, N.M.Nagaraja, H.S.2026-02-052014Electronic Materials Letters, 2014, 10, 4, pp. 753-75817388090https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-014-3348-7https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/26592Herein, the nanostructured Sn containing ZnO is directly synthesized on the surface of substrate by modified sol gel approach under low-temperature condition. The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman-scattering, photoluminescence (PL) and photoelectrochemical analyses. The SEM micrographs show that the undoped and 1 at. % Sn doped films are composed of nanorods and the concentration of 2 at. % Sn doping hinders the rod-like structure's growth and modulates into granular nature. The investigations of XRD reveal that the synthesized undoped and Sn doped ZnO nanorods possess a perfect hexagonal growth habit of wurtzite zinc oxide, along the (002) direction of preference. The Raman spectra demonstrate that the vibrational mode of E<inf>1</inf>(LO), which is very weak in undoped and 1at. % Sn doped ZnO, is strongly enhanced with 2 at. % Sn doping into ZnO lattice. PL spectra show that strong UV emission in pure and 1 at. % Sn doped ZnO, while there is dominant green emission in 2 at. % Sn doped ZnO. Moreover, all the samples are photo electrochemically active and exhibit the highest photocurrent of 28 ?A for the 1 at. % Sn doped ZnO nanorod arrays in 0.2M Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> electrolyte, on light irradiation. Time dependent photoresponse tests are carried out by measuring the photocurrent under chopped light irradiation. © 2014 The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.DefectsElectrochemistryIrradiationLightLuminescenceNanorodsPhotocurrentsPhotoluminescenceScanning electron microscopySemiconductor dopingSemiconductor quantum wellsSolsTinX ray diffractionZinc sulfideLight irradiationsNano-rod arraysPhotoelectrochemical analysisPhotoelectrochemical propertiesRod-like structuresSn-doped ZnO nanorod arraysVibrational modesZnO nanorod arraysZinc oxide