Ramesh, R.Suriapparao, D.V.Sankar Rao, C.S.Sridevi, V.Kumar, A.Shah, M.2026-02-042022Bioresource Technology, 2022, 364, , pp. -9608524https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128099https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/22331In the current study, the effect of torrefaction temperatures (125–175 °C) and catalyst quantity (5–15 g) on co-pyrolysis of torrefied sawdust (TSD) and polystyrene (PS) are investigated to obtain value-added products. The role of torrefaction in co-pyrolysis of TSD: PS was analyzed to understand the product yields, synergy, and energy consumption. As the torrefaction temperature increases, oil yield (48.3–59.6 wt%) and char yield (24.3–29 wt%) increase while gas yield (27.4–11.4 wt%) decreases. Catalytic co-pyrolysis showed a significant level of synergy when compared to non-catalytic co-pyrolysis. For the conversion (%), a positive synergy maximum (-2.6) exists at a torrefaction temperature of 175 °C and 15 g of KOH catalyst. To develop the model, polynomial regression-based machine learning was used to predict pyrolysis product yields and energy usage variables. The developed models showed significant prediction accuracy (R2 > 0.98), suggesting the experimental values and the predicted values matched well. © 2022 Elsevier LtdCatalystsEnergy utilizationPotassium hydroxidePyrolysisBiomass wastesCatalyst loadingsCopyrolysisMicrowave-assistedMicrowave-assisted pyrolysisPlastics wasteProduct yieldsSynergistic effectTemperature loadingsTorrefactionPolystyrenesbiogaspolystyrenebiomasscatalystmachine learningpyrolysisArticleenergy consumptionexperimental designgasheatingleave one out cross validationmathematical modelmicrowave assisted catalytic co pyrolysisplastic wastepredictive valuesawdusttemperaturetorrefied sawdust